226 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from Maharashtra State Exemplar Report, published by nhsrcindia.org. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. 106 of the 226 pairs (46.9%) are explanatory questions and 120 restate a figure. 98.23% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
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First 10 of 226 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What criteria were used for the selection process? | based on SRS data, with its high consistency over time and availability for both indicators | The AARCs in maternal and neonatal mortality during 2000-17 were used as the main statistics for selection. The selection was based on SRS data, with its high consistency over time and availability for both indicators. The National Family Health Survey (NFHS) also provides trend data on neonatal mortality. | 126 | definition | 1.000 | The selection was based on SRS data, with its high consistency over time and availability for both indicators. | 15 | page=15,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What does Stage V represent in the context of maternal and neonatal mortality? | the lowest possible maternal and neonatal mortality, wherein mothers and newborns have universal access to high quality care and (almost) all preventable deaths are eliminated | Populations move across Stage II, III and IV as access to health services increases, quality improves, inequality patterns change from top to bottom inequality, infectious diseases and peri-partum conditions decrease in importance as causes of death, and fertility decline. Stage V is the lowest possible maternal and neonatal mortality, wherein mothers and newborns have universal access to high quality care and (almost) all preventable deaths are eliminated. During 2000-18, Maharashtra has transitioned from Stage II to Stage IV, achieving a four-fold reduction in maternal mortality and reducing the peri-neonatal mortality by half (Figure 5). | 285 | definition | 1.000 | Stage V is the lowest possible maternal and neonatal mortality, wherein mothers and newborns have universal access to high quality care and (almost) all preventable deaths are eliminated. | 18 | page=18,block=2 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the goal of the Exemplars in Maternal and Newborn Health study? | to understand positive outliers and inform policy and practice | The Exemplars in Maternal and Newborn Health study documents factors associated with rapid reductions in maternal and neonatal mortality over the past two decades. This international effort aims to understand positive outliers and inform policy and practice. India was selected as one of seven “Exemplar” countries and within India the analysis was extended to examine higher- and lower-mortality state clusters separately, and to closely look at six exemplary states: Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh. This report presents the Maharashtra sub-study and provides background information on the broader India study and research methodology. | 195 | definition | 1.000 | This international effort aims to understand positive outliers and inform policy and practice. | 9 | page=9,block=2 | 0.700 | valid |
| What does combining the AARCs for maternal and neonatal mortality provide? | an overall score for ranking the states within the cluster | Conducting in-depth analysis in diverse states also provides scope for analyzing the drivers of success within different health systems, socio-economic and demographic contexts over time. The AARCs for maternal and neonatal mortality are measures of common unit and scale. we added the two rates to obtain an overall score for ranking the states within the cluster. The sum of the maternal mortality and neonatal mortality AARCs is shown in Table 1 below. Based on the sum of the two AARCs, the top-ranking four states overall among the high mortality state cluster are Rajasthan (-10.1%), Odisha (-9.9%), Uttar Pradesh (-9.3%) and Madhya Pradesh (-8.5%), followed by Bihar and Assam. In the lower mortality state cluster, the top states overall are Maharashtra (-13.2%) and Tamil Nadu (13.0%), with Kerala and Andhra Pradesh slightly below (both around -11%). | 306 | definition | 1.000 | we added the two rates to obtain an overall score for ranking the states within the cluster. | 15 | page=15,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| What governance method has Maharashtra implemented to allow for broader distribution of authority and decision-making? | Decentralized governance and financial flexibility | Decentralized governance and financial flexibility Maharashtra decentralized responsibility for aspects of the government health system at the state-level and to the Zilla Parishad, which distributed power and responsibility more widely, and enabled responsive decision-making While financial decentralization within the state began in the 1960s with direct funding for Zilla Parishads to manage primary health centres and health sub-centres, the NRHM brought additional financing and financial flexibility to the state itself Maharashtra has a strong history of decentralization both within state-level administrative positions and from the state Directorate to district panchayat levels of government. | 0 | definition | 1.000 | Decentralized governance and financial flexibility Maharashtra decentralized responsibility for aspects of the government health system at the state-level and to the Zilla Parishad, which distributed power and responsibility more widely, and enabled responsive decision-making While financial decentralization within the state began in the 1960s with direct funding for Zilla Parishads to manage primary health centres and health sub-centres, the NRHM brought additional financing and financial flexibility to the state itself Maharashtra has a strong history of decentralization both within | ||||
| What platform was created under the NRHM for collective action on health? | Village health, sanitation and nutrition committees (VHSNCs) | The role of panchayat raj system in Maharashtra is the foundation, is the strength of the state in many, many aspects and it has also positively impacted on the MCH side. (Health expert from the state government) Village health, sanitation and nutrition committees (VHSNCs), introduced under the NRHM and sanctioned through an amendment to the Village Panchayat Act, created a platform for collective action on health. since 2008, Maharashtra has been one of nine pilot states that instituted a process called “community based monitoring and planning.”41 This government-sanctioned initiative involved participatory audits of government health services and, in a sub-set of regions, multi-stakeholder monitoring and planning to develop block and district level annual project implementation plans (PIPs) and budgets. | 213 | definition | 1.000 | (Health expert from the state government) Village health, sanitation and nutrition committees (VHSNCs), introduced under the NRHM and sanctioned through an amendment to the Village Panchayat Act, created a platform for collective action on health. | 38 | page=38,block=1 | ||
| What are All major (large population) states? | considered in the selection process | All major (large population) states were considered in the selection process. The AARCs in maternal and neonatal mortality during 2000-17 were used as the main statistics for selection. | 41 | definition | 0.980 | All major (large population) states were considered in the selection process. | 15 | page=15,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is Manyata? | a quality improvement initiative developed and implemented by FOGSI for private sector maternity care facilities | A prime example of the state’s uniquely strong collaboration between the state government and private sector is the “LaQshya-Manyata” initiative. Manyata was a quality improvement initiative developed and implemented by FOGSI for private sector maternity care facilities. In 2017 the Government of Maharashtra entered into partnership with FOGSI to endorse Manyata accreditation and to combine it with the government’s LaQshya quality improvement initiative. | 158 | definition | 0.980 | Manyata was a quality improvement initiative developed and implemented by FOGSI for private sector maternity care facilities. | 35 | page=35,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is Maharashtra? | among the first states in the country to decentralize primary healthcare administration to the Zilla Parishads | Maharashtra was among the first states in the country to decentralize primary healthcare administration to the Zilla Parishads. Under an act passed in 1961, Maharashtra’s Zilla Parishads were given responsibility for administering primary health centres and health sub-centres and received grants-in-aid to carry out these responsibilities.36 Decentralization to the districts encouraged local ownership of problems, resulting in strong collaboration between preventative and clinical actors at the district level. | 16 | definition | 0.980 | Maharashtra was among the first states in the country to decentralize primary healthcare administration to the Zilla Parishads. | 36 | page=36,block=6 | 0.850 | valid |
| What does the Gini coefficient represent? | a common measure of income inequality where ‘0’ is perfect equality and ‘1’ is total inequality | However the state’s Gini coefficient for consumption, a common measure of income inequality where ‘0’ is perfect equality and ‘1’ is total inequality, has increased slightly from 0.32 in 1994 to 0.35 in 2012. The percentage of population below poverty line has also reduced from 38% in 2004-05 to 17% in 2011-12. From 2000 to 2015, the state has also experienced increased urbanization, the proportion of urban population increasing from 42% to 49%. | 54 | definition | 0.980 | However the state’s Gini coefficient for consumption, a common measure of income inequality where ‘0’ is perfect equality and ‘1’ is total inequality, has increased slightly from 0.32 in 1994 to 0.35 in 2012. | 29 | page=29,block=17 | 0.700 | valid |
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| 36 |
| page=36,block=1 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 0.700 |
| valid |