20 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from Life Expectancy | Our World in Data, published by ourworldindata.org. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. 12 of the 20 pairs (60.0%) are explanatory questions and 8 restate a figure. 95.00% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
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df = desidata.load("life-expectancy-our-world-in-data-question-and-answer-dataset")
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Usable for analysis, but expect some cleaning before you rely on it.
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First 10 of 20 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| How do Oeppen and Vaupel describe improvements in life expectancy? | “a regular stream of continuing progress” | Rather than slowing down, record life expectancy has risen steadily over time, by around one year every four years. By 2021, Hong Kong had the highest life expectancy of 88 years. The authors, Oeppen and Vaupel, explain that improvements in life expectancy shouldn’t be thought of as the result of one-off breakthroughs but instead “a regular stream of continuing progress”. In this article, we cover this in more detail: Predictions of a maximum limit of life expectancy have been broken again and again. October 8, 2018 Life expectancy has doubled over the last two centuries around the world. How has this happened? Max Roser May 1, 2015 People in all countries are living longer than in the past. | 332 | definition | 1.000 | The authors, Oeppen and Vaupel, explain that improvements in life expectancy shouldn’t be thought of as the result of one-off breakthroughs but instead “a regular stream of continuing progress”. | p[38] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What has significantly contributed to the increase in life expectancy? | The large reduction in child mortality | Across the world, people are living longer. In 1900, the average life expectancy of a newborn was 32 years. By 2021 this had more than doubled to 71 years. But where, when, how, and why has this dramatic change occurred? To understand it, we can look at data on life expectancy worldwide. The large reduction in child mortality has played an important role in increasing life expectancy. But life expectancy has increasedat all ages. Infants, children, adults, and the elderly are all less likely to die than in the past, and death is being delayed. This remarkable shift results from advances in medicine, public health, and living standards. Along with it, many predictions of the ‘limit’ of life expectancy have been broken. | 289 | relationship | 0.970 | But where, when, how, and why has this dramatic change occurred? To understand it, we can look at data on life expectancy worldwide. The large reduction in child mortality has played an important role in increasing life expectancy. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| Why do newborn boys have a higher death rate than newborn girls? | as they’re more vulnerable to diseases. | For pre-1950 data on world regions and the world as a whole, we use estimates from Riley (2005). the OECD.Stat database library, the United Nations World Population Prospects Database (UN WPP), the Human Mortality Database (HMD), the Montevideo-Oxford Latin American Economic History Database (MOxLAD), and Gapminder. In some cases, regional databases are used, such as Wrigley et al. (1997) the Human Mortality Database (HMD)4and the United Nations World Population Prospects Database (UN WPP). For data points before 1950, we use HMD data. From 1950 onwards, we use UN WPP data. someone who was 65 years old in 1816 would have a life expectancy of 76 years. By 2021, their life expectancy would be 86 years. newborn boys have a higher death rate than newborn girls, as they’re more vulnerable to diseases. | 768 | relationship | 0.970 | newborn boys have a higher death rate than newborn girls, as they’re more vulnerable to diseases. | p[85] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What has happened to earlier predictions about the maximum possible life expectancy? | many predictions of the ‘limit’ of life expectancy have been broken | Across the world, people are living longer. In 1900, the average life expectancy of a newborn was 32 years. By 2021 this had more than doubled to 71 years. But where, when, how, and why has this dramatic change occurred? To understand it, we can look at data on life expectancy worldwide. The large reduction in child mortality has played an important role in increasing life expectancy. But life expectancy has increasedat all ages. Infants, children, adults, and the elderly are all less likely to die than in the past, and death is being delayed. This remarkable shift results from advances in medicine, public health, and living standards. Along with it, many predictions of the ‘limit’ of life expectancy have been broken. | 659 | summary | 0.970 | Along with it, many predictions of the ‘limit’ of life expectancy have been broken. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| How has record life expectancy changed over time? | record life expectancy has risen steadily over time, by around one year every four years | Rather than slowing down, record life expectancy has risen steadily over time, by around one year every four years. By 2021, Hong Kong had the highest life expectancy of 88 years. The authors, Oeppen and Vaupel, explain that improvements in life expectancy shouldn’t be thought of as the result of one-off breakthroughs but instead “a regular stream of continuing progress”. In this article, we cover this in more detail: Predictions of a maximum limit of life expectancy have been broken again and again. October 8, 2018 Life expectancy has doubled over the last two centuries around the world. How has this happened? Max Roser May 1, 2015 People in all countries are living longer than in the past. | 26 | summary | 0.970 | Rather than slowing down, record life expectancy has risen steadily over time, by around one year every four years. | p[38] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What does the chart show about the rise in life expectancy? | the rise has not been completely constant | Max Roser August 28, 2017 Esteban Ortiz-Ospina March 1, 2020 Max Roser November 27, 2023 Saloni Dattani and Lucas Rodés-Guirao October 13, 2023 Saloni Dattani November 27, 2023 Saloni Dattani September 23, 2020 Max Roser March 4, 2020 Max Roser October 29, 2020 Max Roser As you can see, the chart also shows that the rise has not been completely constant. Major events – the World Wars, the1918 Spanish flu pandemic, theHIV/AIDS epidemic, and theCOVID-19 pandemic– have had a major impact on mortality rates and left a visible mark on life expectancy. | 314 | summary | 0.970 | Max Roser August 28, 2017 Esteban Ortiz-Ospina March 1, 2020 Max Roser November 27, 2023 Saloni Dattani and Lucas Rodés-Guirao October 13, 2023 Saloni Dattani November 27, 2023 Saloni Dattani September 23, 2020 Max Roser March 4, 2020 Max Roser October 29, 2020 Max Roser As you can see, the chart also shows that the rise has not been completely constant. | p[38] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What does the global data on life expectancy explore? | how it has changed over time | Gini coefficient by sex //hdl.handle.net/10622/LKYT53 //doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyv105 People are living longer across the world, but large differences remain. Explore global data on life expectancy and how it has changed over time. | 199 | summary | 0.970 | Explore global data on life expectancy and how it has changed over time. | p[85] | 0.700 | valid | |
| Which gender of newborns has a higher death rate? | newborn boys | For pre-1950 data on world regions and the world as a whole, we use estimates from Riley (2005). the OECD.Stat database library, the United Nations World Population Prospects Database (UN WPP), the Human Mortality Database (HMD), the Montevideo-Oxford Latin American Economic History Database (MOxLAD), and Gapminder. In some cases, regional databases are used, such as Wrigley et al. (1997) the Human Mortality Database (HMD)4and the United Nations World Population Prospects Database (UN WPP). For data points before 1950, we use HMD data. From 1950 onwards, we use UN WPP data. someone who was 65 years old in 1816 would have a life expectancy of 76 years. By 2021, their life expectancy would be 86 years. newborn boys have a higher death rate than newborn girls, as they’re more vulnerable to diseases. | 710 | comparison | 0.840 | By 2021, their life expectancy would be 86 years. newborn boys have a higher death rate than newborn girls, as they’re more vulnerable to diseases. | p[85] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What are the key contributors to the rise in life expectancy? | advances in medicine, public health, and living standards | Across the world, people are living longer. In 1900, the average life expectancy of a newborn was 32 years. By 2021 this had more than doubled to 71 years. But where, when, how, and why has this dramatic change occurred? To understand it, we can look at data on life expectancy worldwide. The large reduction in child mortality has played an important role in increasing life expectancy. But life expectancy has increasedat all ages. Infants, children, adults, and the elderly are all less likely to die than in the past, and death is being delayed. This remarkable shift results from advances in medicine, public health, and living standards. Along with it, many predictions of the ‘limit’ of life expectancy have been broken. | 585 | list | 0.820 | This remarkable shift results from advances in medicine, public health, and living standards. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| Which groups of people are now less likely to die compared to the past? | Infants, children, adults, and the elderly | Across the world, people are living longer. In 1900, the average life expectancy of a newborn was 32 years. By 2021 this had more than doubled to 71 years. But where, when, how, and why has this dramatic change occurred? To understand it, we can look at data on life expectancy worldwide. The large reduction in child mortality has played an important role in increasing life expectancy. But life expectancy has increasedat all ages. Infants, children, adults, and the elderly are all less likely to die than in the past, and death is being delayed. This remarkable shift results from advances in medicine, public health, and living standards. Along with it, many predictions of the ‘limit’ of life expectancy have been broken. | 434 | list | 0.820 | But life expectancy has increasedat all ages. Infants, children, adults, and the elderly are all less likely to die than in the past, and death is being delayed. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid |
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