127 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from India's Rainfed farming Variability and Diversity, published by agritech.tnau.ac.in. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. 95 of the 127 pairs (74.8%) are explanatory questions and 32 restate a figure. 99.21% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
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First 10 of 127 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What ethos is suggested to differ from current vertical hierarchies in development administration? | the very ethos of decentralized development administration | The need for contextual information and location-specific articulation of development concerns at Block-level is a sore point — especially so when it is clear that integration has to happen before national, state and district level plans are drawn up, and “the very ethos of decentralized development administration has to be different from that of current vertical hierarchies.”8 In the case of the NPRF, it is these very issues and the ethos of decentralised planning and administration of agriculture that pose the hurdles. Additional spanners are thrown into the works, with increasing evidence of climate change, acceptance of the vulnerability of rainfed agriculture and, paradoxically, increasing evidence of growth rates of rainfed agriculture production and productivity. | 257 | definition | 1.000 | The need for contextual information and location-specific articulation of development concerns at Block-level is a sore point — especially so when it is clear that integration has to happen before national, state and district level plans are drawn up, and “the very ethos of decentralized development administration has to be different from that of current vertical hierarchies.”8 In the case of the NPRF, it is these very issues and the ethos of decentralised planning and administration of agriculture that pose the hurdles. | 3 | page=3,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the mission of the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED)? | promotes sustainable development, linking local priorities to global challenges | Knowledge Products The International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) promotes sustainable development, linking local priorities to global challenges. We support some of the world’s most vulnerable people to strengthen their voice in decision making. Revitalization of Rainfed Agriculture Network is striving to create enabling and relevant policies and programs for strengthening rain-fed agriculture in India. About 300 members are part of this network including WASSAN, Samaj Pragati Sahyog and several reputed institutions. | 86 | definition | 1.000 | Knowledge Products The International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) promotes sustainable development, linking local priorities to global challenges. | 4 | page=4,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What principles were reintroduced by WASSAN and DHAN Foundation in the region? | the principles of crop–livestock systems | This briefing has been produced with the generous support of Ford Foundation. Enabling crop–livestock integration. The Watershed Support Services and Activities Network (WASSAN) and Development of Humane Action (DHAN) Foundation worked with the agro-ecological features of the region, reintroducing the principles of crop–livestock systems, bringing livestock and farm yard manure to complement soil biomass application and soil moisture management in the village. This enabled the revival of hardy nutritious millets that the villagers used to grow and consume. Linking knowledge, policy and practice. | 299 | definition | 1.000 | The Watershed Support Services and Activities Network (WASSAN) and Development of Humane Action (DHAN) Foundation worked with the agro-ecological features of the region, reintroducing the principles of crop–livestock systems, bringing livestock and farm yard manure to complement soil biomass application and soil moisture management in the village. | 4 | page=4,block=8 | 0.700 | valid |
| What ethos is required for decentralized development administration? | the very ethos of decentralized development administration has to be different from that of current vertical hierarchies | The need for contextual information and location-specific articulation of development concerns at Block-level is a sore point — especially so when it is clear that integration has to happen before national, state and district level plans are drawn up, and “the very ethos of decentralized development administration has to be different from that of current vertical hierarchies.”8 In the case of the NPRF, it is these very issues and the ethos of decentralised planning and administration of agriculture that pose the hurdles. Additional spanners are thrown into the works, with increasing evidence of climate change, acceptance of the vulnerability of rainfed agriculture and, paradoxically, increasing evidence of growth rates of rainfed agriculture production and productivity. | 257 | definition | 1.000 | The need for contextual information and location-specific articulation of development concerns at Block-level is a sore point — especially so when it is clear that integration has to happen before national, state and district level plans are drawn up, and “the very ethos of decentralized development administration has to be different from that of current vertical hierarchies.”8 In the case of the NPRF, it is these very issues and the ethos of decentralised planning and administration of agriculture that pose the hurdles. | ||||
| What principles did WASSAN and the DHAN Foundation reintroduce in the region? | the principles of crop–livestock systems | This briefing has been produced with the generous support of Ford Foundation. Enabling crop–livestock integration. The Watershed Support Services and Activities Network (WASSAN) and Development of Humane Action (DHAN) Foundation worked with the agro-ecological features of the region, reintroducing the principles of crop–livestock systems, bringing livestock and farm yard manure to complement soil biomass application and soil moisture management in the village. This enabled the revival of hardy nutritious millets that the villagers used to grow and consume. Linking knowledge, policy and practice. | 299 | definition | 1.000 | The Watershed Support Services and Activities Network (WASSAN) and Development of Humane Action (DHAN) Foundation worked with the agro-ecological features of the region, reintroducing the principles of crop–livestock systems, bringing livestock and farm yard manure to complement soil biomass application and soil moisture management in the village. | 4 | page=4,block=8 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is Kiran S? | an independent researcher, based in Hyderabad | A Ravindra is the director and Ramachandrudu M V, the head of research node, for WASSAN, Hyderabad. Kiran S is an independent researcher, based in Hyderabad. | 111 | definition | 0.980 | Kiran S is an independent researcher, based in Hyderabad. | 4 | page=4,block=8 | 0.850 | valid |
| What approach made India's rainfed agriculture systems more resilient to climate challenges? | they worked with the inherent diversity of these systems, using locally adapted practices | Food and agriculture, policy and planning Keywords: Agriculture, India, diversity, policy, sustainability Briefing Policy pointers India’s rainfed agriculture systems were more climate-resilient when they worked with the inherent diversity of these systems, using locally adapted practices. Agricultural policy and support systems have become rigid following the chemical-based and genetics-led green revolution; highly variable rainfed farming systems require alternative development logic. Location-specific mixed cropping and integrated crop-livestock production systems are ideal for sustainable soil and water systems and suited to rainfed agriculture; they enable rural households to become food secure. | 200 | relationship | 0.970 | Food and agriculture, policy and planning Keywords: Agriculture, India, diversity, policy, sustainability Briefing Policy pointers India’s rainfed agriculture systems were more climate-resilient when they worked with the inherent diversity of these systems, using locally adapted practices. | 1 | page=1,block=0 | ||
| What has led to rigidity in India's agricultural policy and support systems? | the chemical-based and genetics-led green revolution | Food and agriculture, policy and planning Keywords: Agriculture, India, diversity, policy, sustainability Briefing Policy pointers India’s rainfed agriculture systems were more climate-resilient when they worked with the inherent diversity of these systems, using locally adapted practices. Agricultural policy and support systems have become rigid following the chemical-based and genetics-led green revolution; highly variable rainfed farming systems require alternative development logic. Location-specific mixed cropping and integrated crop-livestock production systems are ideal for sustainable soil and water systems and suited to rainfed agriculture; they enable rural households to become food secure. | 359 | relationship | 0.970 | Agricultural policy and support systems have become rigid following the chemical-based and genetics-led green revolution; highly variable rainfed farming systems require alternative development logic. | 1 | page=1,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What advantage do mixed cropping and integrated crop-livestock systems offer to rural households? | they enable rural households to become food secure | Food and agriculture, policy and planning Keywords: Agriculture, India, diversity, policy, sustainability Briefing Policy pointers India’s rainfed agriculture systems were more climate-resilient when they worked with the inherent diversity of these systems, using locally adapted practices. Agricultural policy and support systems have become rigid following the chemical-based and genetics-led green revolution; highly variable rainfed farming systems require alternative development logic. Location-specific mixed cropping and integrated crop-livestock production systems are ideal for sustainable soil and water systems and suited to rainfed agriculture; they enable rural households to become food secure. | 658 | relationship | 0.970 | Location-specific mixed cropping and integrated crop-livestock production systems are ideal for sustainable soil and water systems and suited to rainfed agriculture; they enable rural households to become food secure. | 1 | page=1,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What reduces the ability to address the diversity and variability of rainfed agriculture? | ‘one-size-fits-all’ technologies, inputs and advice through uniform administrative apparatus or market protocols | Rainfed agriculture needs decentralised integrated planning and implementation at the Block level; attempting to control its variability and diversity through vertical hierarchies results in unsustainable agriculture and food insecurity. Reviving knowledge: India’s rainfed farming, variability and diversity More than two thirds of India’s arable land is under rainfed farming. Local and national authorities, public sector agricultural research and extension, and commercial ventures are designed to supply ‘one-size-fits-all’ technologies, inputs and advice through uniform administrative apparatus or market protocols. This approach limits their capacity to work with the diversity and variability of rainfed agriculture. But with support that complements the variable nature of rainfed farming tracts, communities can improve farm productivity and sustainability. | 509 | relationship | 0.970 | Local and national authorities, public sector agricultural research and extension, and commercial ventures are designed to supply ‘one-size-fits-all’ technologies, inputs and advice through uniform administrative apparatus or market protocols. |
Read straight from the file — download or use the API URL for the full dataset.
| 3 |
| page=3,block=0 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 1 |
| page=1,block=0 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |