331 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from NHSRC BOOK NEW DESIGN FINAL PRINTING ASHIRWAD 6.50 PM.cdr, published by nhsrcindia.org. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. 233 of the 331 pairs (70.4%) are explanatory questions and 98 restate a figure. 99.09% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
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Strong coverage with minor gaps in documentation or freshness.
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First 10 of 331 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What issues were mentioned less frequently by respondents regarding health services? | the non-availability of services at a health facility, multiple referrals, and movement restrictions | Less than one-fifth mentioned they were irregular or delayed, and a minor proportion stated their unavailability. Other lesser mentioned issues were the non-availability of services at a health facility, multiple referrals, and movement restrictions. The difference in response between ASHAs and ANM for these findings was not statistically significant. | 149 | definition | 1.000 | Other lesser mentioned issues were the non-availability of services at a health facility, multiple referrals, and movement restrictions. | 18 | page=18,block=0 | 0.850 | valid |
| What type of survey was used for the assessment? | designed as a cross-sectional survey | • To assess the determinants of OOP expenditure on medicines and the extent of financial risk protection due to OOP expenditure for medicines. The assessment was designed as a cross-sectional survey. The survey was conducted in primary, seco ndary and tertiary healthcare facilities of public sector of three diverse states: Chhattisgarh, Haryana and Tamil Nadu. | 162 | definition | 1.000 | The assessment was designed as a cross-sectional survey. | 23 | page=23,block=0 | 0.850 | valid |
| What were the qualitative analysis tools used for? | used for the analysis of information and data collected | A review of programme documents and reports was conducted and discussions with the MCTFC team were done to understand the programme operations and reporting systems. Qualitative analysis tools were used for the analysis of information and data collected. In-depth interviews with program managers at the state and district level revealed a lack of coordination between states and the MCTFC program. | 198 | definition | 1.000 | Qualitative analysis tools were used for the analysis of information and data collected. | 37 | page=37,block=7 | 0.850 | valid |
| What dual purpose is adequate sleep considered to serve? | considered to serve a dual purpose of improving wellness and a coping mechanism to overcome unpleasant feelings | The other notions regarding 'wellness' revolved around eating healthy (consuming millets, following a regular meal timing), staying happy, sleeping well and other forms of exercises. Adequate sleep was considered to serve a dual purpose of improving wellness and a coping mechanism to overcome unpleasant feelings. Physical activity in the form of walking, Zumba and physically intensive exercise or routine work were other important wellness practices. | 202 | definition | 1.000 | Adequate sleep was considered to serve a dual purpose of improving wellness and a coping mechanism to overcome unpleasant feelings. | 56 | page=56,block=0 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the goal of the Implementation Research for Health Systems Strengthening platform? | to enhance generation of useful evidence- based knowledge, and to facilitate timely application of relevant learnings to health systems and policies | With an objective of creating a strong and coherent institutional mechanism to enhance generation of useful evidence- based knowledge, and to facilitate timely application of relevant learnings to health systems and policies, the MoHFW established the Implementation Research for Health Systems Strengthening platform under NHM to support health systems research in India and continue being aligned with national and state specific priorities and knowledge requirements of decision makers in the Indian health system. MoHFW is well cognizant of the fact that health systems research including implementation research plays a critical role in strengthening of health systems, thus enabling them to evolve responding to changing health needs. | 76 | definition | 1.000 | With an objective of creating a strong and coherent institutional mechanism to enhance generation of useful evidence- based knowledge, and to facilitate timely application of relevant learnings to health systems and policies, the MoHFW established the Implementation Research for Health Systems Strengthening platform under NHM to support health systems research in India and continue being aligned with national and state specific priorities and knowledge requirements of decision makers in the Indian health system. | ||||
| What responsibilities does the Knowledge Management Division established by MoHFW handle? | the domain specific research activities and relevant health systems studies are being anchored by KMD | With MoHFW establishing Knowledge Management Division, which came into function in 2021, the domain specific research activities and relevant health systems studies are being anchored by KMD. While the divisions within NHSRC have been undertaking studies independently or in collaboration with the KMD, the findings and recommendations are simultaneously shared with respective states and relevant program divisions for relevant actions towards program implementation. To further strengthen the research capacities, NHSRC in last two years has established a platform for effective collaboration with Institutes of National Importance including public health research and academic organizations, medical colleges, as well as individual public health experts both within health systems as well as independent researchers. | 89 | definition | 1.000 | With MoHFW establishing Knowledge Management Division, which came into function in 2021, the domain specific research activities and relevant health systems studies are being anchored by KMD. | 4 | page=4,block=1 | ||
| What is described as the lifeline of any health system? | Human resources for health (HRH) | With the ongoing reinforcement of the urban-component of the National Health Mission, evidence-generation through secondary analysis and primary studies are imperative while revisiting the existing programmes and strategies to redress the identified gaps and ideate newer strategies to circumvent them. Human resources for health (HRH) are the lifeline of any health system and crucial to attain UHC and SDGs. And in order to reach UHC, health systems must be oriented towards a primary health care approach. For primary healthcare systems to bring primary care closer to the communities, the availability of appropriate human resources is a prerequisite. For that, the government has positioned a Community Health Officer (CHO) to head the primary care team at sub-health centre level and serve as the key focal point for service organization and delivery. | 303 | definition | 1.000 | With the ongoing reinforcement of the urban-component of the National Health Mission, evidence-generation through secondary analysis and primary studies are imperative while revisiting the existing programmes and strategies to redress the identified gaps and ideate newer strategies to circumvent them. Human resources for health (HRH) are the lifeline of any health system and crucial to attain UHC and SDGs. | ||||
| What criteria were used to stratify districts within the selected states? | based on their human development index (HDI) scores | A multi-stage stratified random sampling was employed for the selection of public health facilities. In the first stage, states were classified into three categories according to share of medicines in the overall OOP expenditure (low, medium and high), One state was randomly selected from each stratum namely Tamil Nadu (Low), Chhattisgarh (Medium) and Haryana (High). From the selected states, all the districts were stratified into three categories (low, medium and high) based on their human development index (HDI) scores. One district from each of these strata was selected randomly. Geographical representation was ensured at the time of selection of states and districts. Sampling The survey was conducted over a period of three months (September to November 2020). Both primary and secondary data was collected during the survey. | 475 | definition | 1.000 | From the selected states, all the districts were stratified into three categories (low, medium and high) based on their human development index (HDI) scores. | 24 | page=24,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What storage facilities for medicines were available in Haryana, Chhattisgarh, and Tamil Nadu? | dedicated storage space with proper temperature control system and cold storage facilities | Data collection Availability of medicines in primary, secondary and tertiary public health facilities in selected states of India All the public healthcare facilities in Haryana, Chhattisgarh and Tamil Nadu have dedicated storage space with proper temperature control system and cold storage facilities for medicines. Average duration of two successive indents of medicines was 30 days at the facilities in Chhattisgarh, Haryana and DH in Tamil Nadu, while it was 90 days at PHCs and CHCs in TN. Average interval for receiving the medicines after indenting was longest for Chhattisgarh (9-10 days) and shortest for Tamil Nadu (3-5 days). Stock out duration of essential medicines was variable across the states. In Chhattisgarh - anti-viral, anti-spasmodic and anti-depressant/anti-epileptic were unavailable for 4-6 months, whereas, antacid and anti-helminthic were unavailable for 1-3 months. | 212 | definition | 1.000 | Data collection Availability of medicines in primary, secondary and tertiary public health facilities in selected states of India All the public healthcare facilities in Haryana, Chhattisgarh and Tamil Nadu have dedicated storage space with proper temperature control system and cold storage facilities for medicines. | ||||
| What is the role of Jan Arogya Samitis? | improved community ownership and provider accountability of SHC and PHC | Jan Arogya Samitis (JAS), a multi-stakeholder facility-based committee for improved community ownership and provider accountability of SHC and PHC are in the process of being established. Policy implications The evidence from such formative assessments would support early identification of strengths, opportunities and/or barriers impeding the envisaged rollout of services and thereby, early-course corrections to achieve the intended scale of rollout and service provisioning. | 75 | definition | 1.000 | Jan Arogya Samitis (JAS), a multi-stakeholder facility-based committee for improved community ownership and provider accountability of SHC and PHC are in the process of being established. | 30 | page=30,block=8 | 0.700 | valid |
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| 4 |
| page=4,block=1 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 11 |
| page=11,block=0 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 24 |
| page=24,block=8 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |