1581 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from ISBN 978-81-983602-6-7, published by icar.org.in. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. 742 of the 1581 pairs (46.9%) are explanatory questions and 839 restate a figure. 98.73% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
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import desidata
df = desidata.load("icar-kharif-agro-advisories-for-farmers-2025-question-and-answer-dataset")
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First 10 of 1,581 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is the purpose of a Solar Fence system? | used to control Wild boars a major problem in groundnut, paddy, maize and other crops | Expected life for 3 to 5 Years. Solar Fence system is used to control Wild boars a major problem in groundnut, paddy, maize and other crops. The solar fence cost varies from Rs. | 54 | definition | 1.000 | Solar Fence system is used to control Wild boars a major problem in groundnut, paddy, maize and other crops. | 32 | page=32,block=0 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the function of a Straw Baling Machine? | used to bundle paddy straw into either round or square/rectangular shapes for easy handling and transport | The cost is Rs.800/-. Straw Baling Machine is used to bundle paddy straw into either round or square/rectangular shapes for easy handling and transport. ANGRAU blade guntaka (Groundnut Digger) separates groundnut pods from the soil efϐiciently without wasting time. | 46 | definition | 1.000 | Straw Baling Machine is used to bundle paddy straw into either round or square/rectangular shapes for easy handling and transport. | 32 | page=32,block=0 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the purpose of an oil palm harvester? | used to harvest oil palm bunches, bring them down, and load them into a tractor | 950. Oil palm harvester is used to harvest oil palm bunches, bring them down, and load them into a tractor. | 27 | definition | 1.000 | Oil palm harvester is used to harvest oil palm bunches, bring them down, and load them into a tractor. | 33 | page=33,block=0 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the process for making an upper cut on a cutting? | made 1 cm above the node and lower cut close below the node in a slanting manner | The size of cutting is 18 to 20 cm in length with a thickness of lead pencil. The upper cut is made 1 cm above the node and lower cut close below the node in a slanting manner. The cuttings are planted with a spacing of 30 cm x 30 cm in a slanting position in the nursery bed measuring 30 cm x 1 m x 10 m. | 95 | definition | 1.000 | The upper cut is made 1 cm above the node and lower cut close below the node in a slanting manner. | 45 | page=45,block=7 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the purpose of Punjab Soil testing? | the best tool to ensure optimum and balanced use of nutrients | Punjab Soil testing is the best tool to ensure optimum and balanced use of nutrients. Improper use of fertilizers leads not only to imbalanced nutrition but also deterioration of the environment. | 23 | definition | 1.000 | Punjab Soil testing is the best tool to ensure optimum and balanced use of nutrients. | 207 | page=207,block=0 | 0.850 | valid |
| What crops dominate over 80% of Punjab's total cropped area? | characterized by the cultivation of wheat and rice, which together dominate over 80% of the state's total cropped area | of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana and Soil Testing Laboratory of all KVK's. Punjab's agriculture is characterized by the cultivation of wheat and rice, which together dominate over 80% of the state's total cropped area. Other signiϐicant crops include sugarcane, maize, oilseeds, cotton, and various fruits and vegetables. | 124 | definition | 1.000 | Punjab's agriculture is characterized by the cultivation of wheat and rice, which together dominate over 80% of the state's total cropped area. | 207 | page=207,block=0 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the role of Farmyard manure in agriculture? | a valuable resource for improving soil health and enhancing crop production, especially for kharif crops | Time of nursery sowing: Restrict to timely sowing of nursery (20 May-20 June) and timely transplanting (20 June-10 July) schedule for better grain quality, water saving and low build-up of stem borers. Farmyard manure (FYM) is a valuable resource for improving soil health and enhancing crop production, especially for kharif crops. FYM helps in improving soil structure and biomass, and it increases soil organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, crucial nutrients for plant growth. | 227 | definition | 1.000 | Farmyard manure (FYM) is a valuable resource for improving soil health and enhancing crop production, especially for kharif crops. | 208 | page=208,block=9 | 0.850 | valid |
| What happens if the training of plant branches is delayed? | not done on time, the branches break, and the quality of the produce gets affected | Training of the branches of the plants is necessary once a week, the new growth is wrapped with twine and kept high. If training is not done on time, the branches break, and the quality of the produce gets affected. Yield: The capsicum in polyhouse lasts for 8-9 months. | 132 | definition | 1.000 | If training is not done on time, the branches break, and the quality of the produce gets affected. | 245 | page=245,block=0 | 0.850 | valid |
| What should be ensured for brood stock during the monsoon season? | not disturbed during monsoon (15th June to 31st August) | Advanced Monsoon: Prepare ponds early for stocking, complete liming 200 kg/ha and fertilization in advance. Ensure brood stock is not disturbed during monsoon (15th June to 31st August). Avoid overfeeding as heavy rains can cause feed waste and water quality degradation. | 130 | definition | 1.000 | Ensure brood stock is not disturbed during monsoon (15th June to 31st August). | 265 | page=265,block=0 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the purpose of timely and location-specific agro-advisories? | act as a bridge between cutting-edge agricultural research and its practical application in farmers' ϐields | This publication offers practical guidance on region-based suitable varieties, nutrient management, pest and disease control, and harvesting practices tailored for major Kharif crops such as rice, maize, pulses, oilseeds, and cotton. It is the result of collaborative efforts by ICAR Institutes, Agricultural Universities, Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs), and Subject Matter Experts working at the grassroots level. Agriculture in India stands at a critical juncture. While it continues to serve as the backbone of rural livelihoods, it faces unprecedented challenges due to climate variability, resource degradation, pest dynamics, and market volatility. In this context, the role of timely and location-speciϐic agro-advisories has become more crucial than ever. These advisories act as a bridge between cutting-edge agricultural research and its practical application in farmers' ϐields. | 779 | definition | 1.000 | These advisories act as a bridge between cutting-edge agricultural research and its practical application in farmers' ϐields. | 9 | page=9,block=1 |
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| 0.700 |
| valid |