| What is urgently needed due to the increasing demand for dialysis worldwide? | an urgent need for cost-effective and scalable solutions | Due to increase in loss of kidney function across the world, the demand for dialysis is bound to increase. Thus there is an urgent need for cost-effective and scalable solutions. Peritoneal dialysis, an important treatment modality, can be done at home, is cheaper and does not have much infrastructure and technical manpower requirements. | 121 | definition | 1.000 | Thus there is an urgent need for cost-effective and scalable solutions. | 4 | page=4,block=0 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the purpose of registries in clinical practice? | an organized and standardized method to systematically collect observational data about specific groups of patients managed in routine clinical practice for a predetermined objective | This process should be supported by a data dictionary, and SOPs for collecting and cleaning data and ensuring quality, confidentiality and ethics. Registries are an organized and standardized method to systematically collect observational data about specific groups of patients managed in routine clinical practice for a predetermined objective. Such data are held in a central database and typically include information on longitudinal follow-up and outcomes. | 162 | definition | 1.000 | Registries are an organized and standardized method to systematically collect observational data about specific groups of patients managed in routine clinical practice for a predetermined objective. | 31 | page=31,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) characterized by? | a gradual loss of kidney function over time | On 7th April 2016, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India launched programme guidelines for haemodialysis under PM National Dialysis Programme for implementation at District Level. Now, as a subsequent step of the programme, this initiative to roll out Peritoneal Dialysis is being taken to provide respite to kidney patients particularly to those who are living in remote areas and enable them to have a better quality of lie. I request all the State/UT governments to implement this programme urgently and in full earnest. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function over time CKD is recognized as a health crisis globally as 10% of the world's population is affected by it, and millions die each year because they do not have access to affordable treatment. Prior to availability of dialysis, total kidney failure meant death. | 601 | definition | 1.000 | Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function over time CKD is recognized as a health crisis globally as 10% of the world's population is affected by it, and millions die each year because they do not have access to affordable treatment. |
| What is the name of the most severe stage of kidney failure? | End Stage Kidney Failure (ESKF) | Message In India, the proportion of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients amount to 8-17% of the total population. The number of cases of kidney failure is expected to increase disproportionately in developing countries, such as India, where the number of elderly people and the NCD risk factors are increasing. CKD is associated with increased risk of complications and mortality at all stages in its natural course. End Stage Kidney Failure (ESKF) is the most advanced stage of kidney failure when survival without some form of renal replacement therapy, such as kidney transplant or maintenance dialysis is not possible. About 10-20% of those with CKD are expected to develop ESKF. Every year about 2. Lakh new patients of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) get added in India resulting in additional demand for 3. Crore dialysis every year. | 418 | definition | 1.000 | CKD is associated with increased risk of complications and mortality at all stages in its natural course. End Stage Kidney Failure (ESKF) is the most advanced stage of kidney failure when survival without some form of renal replacement therapy, such as kidney transplant or maintenance dialysis is not possible. | 6 |
| What has chronic kidney disease been recognised as in India? | an important public health problem | Patients with ESKF also report feeling less independent, unable to participate in activities they enjoy and an overall decline in functional status and quality of life. The number of deaths due to kidney failure in India 2. End-stage kidney failure (ESKF) in India Chronic kidney disease (CKD) had been recognised as an important public health problem. The 2016 Global Burden of Disease Report had documented a massive rise in the number of deaths due to this condition around the world, and called for its specific inclusion in the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) agenda. the population prevalence of CKD has been shown to be 8-17% in different surveys (Kumar and Jha, Clin Nephrol 2016, Jha et al, Lancet 2015). CKD is associated with increased risk of complications and mortality at all stages in its natural history. | 317 | definition | 1.000 | End-stage kidney failure (ESKF) in India Chronic kidney disease (CKD) had been recognised as an important public health problem. | 12 | page=12,block=2 | 0.700 | valid |
| What does global access to dialysis represent as a measure? | societal willingness to pay for medical care | Decisions to recommend or not to recommend dialysis should not be influenced by either availability of resources or potential litigation.” Access to dialysis is now used globally as a surrogate for societal willingness to pay for medical care. | 198 | definition | 1.000 | Decisions to recommend or not to recommend dialysis should not be influenced by either availability of resources or potential litigation.” Access to dialysis is now used globally as a surrogate for societal willingness to pay for medical care. | 14 | page=14,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the condition for peritonitis episodes to be considered relevant? | if they occur during the reporting period. | Episodes are only relevant if they occur during the reporting period. 3 • Cloudy peritoneal fluid with and the effluent white blood cell count is greater than 100/mm and at least 50% of the WBCs are polymorphonuclear leucocytes. • Patients on PD at any time during the reporting period. • Patients that have transferred into a hospital part-way through the reporting period. • Patient that have transferred out of a hospital part-way through the reporting period. • Peritonitis episodes before or at the start of or after the reporting period (e.g. after Tenckhoff catheter insertion but before commencement of dialysis. Numerator: Number of peritonitis episodes in all patients while receiving peritoneal dialysis. Exclusions: Target :Peritonitis rate should be no more than 1 episode every 18 months. | 27 | definition | 1.000 | Episodes are only relevant if they occur during the reporting period. 3 • Cloudy peritoneal fluid with and the effluent white blood cell count is greater than 100/mm and at least 50% of the WBCs are polymorphonuclear leucocytes. | 32 | page=32,block=1 | 0.700 |
| What is the numerator for calculating peritonitis rates in patients on PD? | Number of peritonitis episodes in all patients while receiving peritoneal dialysis. | Episodes are only relevant if they occur during the reporting period. 3 • Cloudy peritoneal fluid with and the effluent white blood cell count is greater than 100/mm and at least 50% of the WBCs are polymorphonuclear leucocytes. • Patients on PD at any time during the reporting period. • Patients that have transferred into a hospital part-way through the reporting period. • Patient that have transferred out of a hospital part-way through the reporting period. • Peritonitis episodes before or at the start of or after the reporting period (e.g. after Tenckhoff catheter insertion but before commencement of dialysis. Numerator: Number of peritonitis episodes in all patients while receiving peritoneal dialysis. Exclusions: Target :Peritonitis rate should be no more than 1 episode every 18 months. | 632 | definition | 1.000 | Numerator: Number of peritonitis episodes in all patients while receiving peritoneal dialysis. Exclusions: Target :Peritonitis rate should be no more than 1 episode every 18 months. | 32 | page=32,block=1 | 0.700 |
| What is the most advanced stage of kidney failure called? | End Stage Kidney Failure (ESKF) | Message In India, the proportion of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients amount to 8-17% of the total population. The number of cases of kidney failure is expected to increase disproportionately in developing countries, such as India, where the number of elderly people and the NCD risk factors are increasing. CKD is associated with increased risk of complications and mortality at all stages in its natural course. End Stage Kidney Failure (ESKF) is the most advanced stage of kidney failure when survival without some form of renal replacement therapy, such as kidney transplant or maintenance dialysis is not possible. About 10-20% of those with CKD are expected to develop ESKF. Every year about 2. Lakh new patients of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) get added in India resulting in additional demand for 3. Crore dialysis every year. | 418 | definition | 1.000 | CKD is associated with increased risk of complications and mortality at all stages in its natural course. End Stage Kidney Failure (ESKF) is the most advanced stage of kidney failure when survival without some form of renal replacement therapy, such as kidney transplant or maintenance dialysis is not possible. | 6 |
| What is the meaning of the abbreviation NPHCE? | National Programme for Healthcare of Elderly | NatCom National Oversight Committee NCD Non- Communicable Disease NDP National Dialysis Programme NHM National Health Mission NPHCE National Programme for Healthcare of Elderly NTCP National Tobacco Control Programme OPEX Operating Expenses OT Operation Theatre PD Peritoneal Dialysis NHP National Health Programme NPCDCS National Programme for Prevention & Control of Cancer, Diabetes, CVD & Stroke PMNDP Pradhan Mantra National Dialysis Programme OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer PHC Primary Health Centre RRF Residual Renal Function RRT Renal Replacement Therapy S.aureus Staphylococcus aureus SOP Standard Operating Procedure UHC Universal Health Coverage StateCom State Committee VARK Visual, Aural, Read-Write & Kinesthetic WBC White Blood Cell SDG Sustainable Development Goals SC Sub Centre | 132 | definition | 1.000 | NatCom National Oversight Committee NCD Non- Communicable Disease NDP National Dialysis Programme NHM National Health Mission NPHCE National Programme for Healthcare of Elderly NTCP National Tobacco Control Programme OPEX Operating Expenses OT Operation Theatre PD Peritoneal Dialysis NHP National Health Programme NPCDCS National Programme for Prevention & Control of Cancer, Diabetes, CVD & Stroke PMNDP Pradhan Mantra National Dialysis Programme OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer PHC Primary Health Centre RRF Residual Renal Function RRT Renal Replacement Therapy S.aureus Staphylococcus aureus |