477 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from WJCF guidelines (28 April) FINAL.indd, published by nhm.gov.in. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. 237 of the 477 pairs (49.7%) are explanatory questions and 240 restate a figure. 98.74% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
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df = desidata.load("guidance-document-on-diabetes-mellitus-in-children-question-and-answer-dataset")
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Usable for analysis, but expect some cleaning before you rely on it.
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First 10 of 477 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What can be tested when a definitive diagnosis is not clinically possible? | not clinically possible, C-peptide levels may be tested where available | Diagnosis should be established by the pediatrician based on clinical findings and BG levels. Where definitive diagnosis is not clinically possible, C-peptide levels may be tested where available. If there is doubt about the subtype of diabetes (T2DM or other subtypes), it is better to treat as T1DM until further evaluation as this is life-saving. | 124 | definition | 1.000 | Where definitive diagnosis is not clinically possible, C-peptide levels may be tested where available. | 48 | page=48,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What additional treatments may be added if glycemic control is insufficient with Metformin? | not adequate with Metformin, additional OHAs such as sulfonylurea or SGLT-2 inhibitors may be added | If glycemic control is not adequate with Metformin, additional OHAs such as sulfonylurea or SGLT-2 inhibitors may be added. | 23 | definition | 1.000 | If glycemic control is not adequate with Metformin, additional OHAs such as sulfonylurea or SGLT-2 inhibitors may be added. | 55 | page=55,block=5 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the purpose of sick-day nutritional management for children with T1DM? | an integral component of achieving glycemic control, preventing dehydration and associated complications | Children with T1DM are already in a catabolic state and are more prone to develop infections or severe acute emergencies like DKA and hypoglycemia. Sick-day nutritional management is an integral component of achieving glycemic control, preventing dehydration and associated complications. While in most cases, sick day management can be handled at home, help of a medical expert / nutritionist at a healthcare facility should be sought when necessary (refer to chapter-8 for more details). | 183 | definition | 1.000 | Sick-day nutritional management is an integral component of achieving glycemic control, preventing dehydration and associated complications. | 89 | page=89,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the recommended procedure if bicarbonate is deemed necessary? | considered necessary, cautiously give 1-2 mmol/kg IV over 60 minutes, diluted in half normal saline | If bicarbonate is considered necessary, cautiously give 1-2 mmol/kg IV over 60 minutes, diluted in half normal saline. | 18 | definition | 1.000 | If bicarbonate is considered necessary, cautiously give 1-2 mmol/kg IV over 60 minutes, diluted in half normal saline. | 98 | page=98,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is cerebral edema in the context of DKA? | a rare but often fatal complication of DKA | For fungal infections, management with antifungals is suggested. Cerebral edema Cerebral edema is a rare but often fatal complication of DKA. Its occurrence may be related to various factors including the degree of hyperglycemia, acidosis, dehydration and electrolyte disturbance at presentation, as well as over-rapid correction of acidosis, dehydration or hyperglycemia. | 98 | definition | 1.000 | Cerebral edema Cerebral edema is a rare but often fatal complication of DKA. | 99 | page=99,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is an unpredictable complication of DKA that can occur when monitoring becomes less strict? | an unpredictable complication of DKA, often occurring when the general condition of the PLT1D has improved, and monitoring is less strict | Hyperventilation should be avoided. Cerebral edema is an unpredictable complication of DKA, often occurring when the general condition of the PLT1D has improved, and monitoring is less strict. Survivors are often left with significant neurological deficits. | 54 | definition | 1.000 | Cerebral edema is an unpredictable complication of DKA, often occurring when the general condition of the PLT1D has improved, and monitoring is less strict. | 100 | page=100,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What should be done after insulin dose adjustments are made? | made, the PLT1D should be scheduled for another follow-up visit within 2 weeks | 7. If insulin dose adjustments are made, the PLT1D should be scheduled for another follow-up visit within 2 weeks. Once blood glucose levels have stabilized, follow-up visits may be conducted on a monthly basis. | 35 | definition | 1.000 | If insulin dose adjustments are made, the PLT1D should be scheduled for another follow-up visit within 2 weeks. | 142 | page=142,block=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What function does insulin perform in the body? | responsible for uptake of glucose from the blood into the body cells | Chapter 1 Overview of Diabetes Mellitus in Children Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a condition characterised by high blood glucose levels, or hyperglycemia. The two predominant forms of DM observed in children and adolescent age group are Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Although both conditions share hyperglycemia as a common feature, they differ in their etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management requirements. Role of insulin in the body Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that is responsible for uptake of glucose from the blood into the body cells. Insulin acts as a key which opens the door of the cells for glucose to enter and to enable cells to utilise this glucose for production of energy. Defects in insulin production, insulin action, or both, result in accumulation of glucose in the blood, leading to diabetes. 1. | 551 | definition | 1.000 | Role of insulin in the body Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that is responsible for uptake of glucose from the blood into the body cells. | 29 | page=29,block=1 | 0.700 | |
| What does 'Toilet' represent in the 4Ts of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus? | Frequent urination (polyuria), or resumption of bedwetting | Guidance Document for Screening and Management of Diabetes Mellitus in Children under RBSK Clinical presentation Children with T1DM commonly present with the classical symptoms of polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (excessive thirst), and tiredness or fatigue, and unexplained weight loss. These may be remembered as 4Ts: • Toilet: Frequent urination (polyuria), or resumption of bedwetting • Thirsty: Excessive thirst (polydipsia) • Tired: Unexplained fatigue and lethargy • Thinner: Unexplained or sudden weight loss | 339 | definition | 1.000 | These may be remembered as 4Ts: • Toilet: Frequent urination (polyuria), or resumption of bedwetting • Thirsty: Excessive thirst (polydipsia) • Tired: Unexplained fatigue and lethargy • Thinner: Unexplained or sudden weight loss | 31 | page=31,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is a defining characteristic of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus? | insulin resistance, where the body’s cells do not respond effectively to insulin | Guidance Document for Screening and Management of Diabetes Mellitus in Children under RBSK Diagnostic criteria for T1DM: Any one of the following: • Fasting blood glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL • Two-hour post-prandial blood glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL • Random Blood Glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL along with signs/symptoms of hyperglycemia • Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 6.5% Treatment and management Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) While T1DM is more common in childhood, epidemiological trends indicate that the prevalence of T2DM is rising in children and adolescents, largely driven by increasing rates of obesity and sedentary lifestyles. T2DM is characterised by insulin resistance, where the body’s cells do not respond effectively to insulin, often combined with a gradual decline in insulin production over time. | 646 | definition | 1.000 | T2DM is characterised by insulin resistance, where the body’s cells do not respond effectively to insulin, often combined with a gradual decline in insulin production over time. | 32 | page=32,block=1 | 0.700 | valid |
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| valid |