40 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from Grape Powdery Mildew, published by agritech.tnau.ac.in. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. 29 of the 40 pairs (72.5%) are explanatory questions and 11 restate a figure. 100.00% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
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import desidata
df = desidata.load("grape-powdery-mildew-question-and-answer-dataset")
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Usable for analysis, but expect some cleaning before you rely on it.
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First 10 of 40 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What appearance does powdery mildew have on grapevines? | a dusty white-gray or greenish-white coating on leaf surfaces or other above-ground plant parts | To find more resources for your business, home, or family, visit the College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences on the World Wide Web at aces.nmsu.edu Grape Powdery Mildew Guide H-329 Bernd Maier and Natalie Goldberg1 Cooperative Extension Service • College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences This publication is scheduled to be updated and reissued 6/15. Symptoms Powdery mildew, caused by the fungus Erysiphe necator (syn. Uncinula necator), is one of the most prevalent and easily recognized plant diseases afflict ing grape vines in New Mexico. It appears as a dusty white-gray or greenish-white coating on leaf surfaces or other above-ground plant parts. The disease is most commonly observed on the upper surfaces of leaves (Figure 1), but can also affect the lower leaf surface, young stems, buds (Figure 2), flowers, canes, and young fruit. | 599 | definition | 1.000 | It appears as a dusty white-gray or greenish-white coating on leaf surfaces or other above-ground plant parts. | 1 | page=1,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What tool can be used to determine appropriate treatment intervals for powdery mildew? | A powdery mildew index (PMI) model | A powdery mildew index (PMI) model may be used to determine appropriate treatment intervals because frequency will depend upon weather conditions and choice of fungicide. For more information on calcu lating PMI, please see the University of California’s Agriculture and Natural Resources statewide integrat ed pest management program at | 0 | definition | 1.000 | A powdery mildew index (PMI) model may be used to determine appropriate treatment intervals because frequency will depend upon weather conditions and choice of fungicide. | 1 | page=1,block=8 | 0.700 | valid |
| How are plants infected when chasmothecia provide the primary inoculum? | in the spring when ascospores (sexual spores) are released from the overwintering structures | Severely infected leaves may exhibit mottling or deformity, including leaf curling and withering. Infected fruit turn grayish-white at first and ultimately exhibit a brown russeted appear ance. Infected fruit may crack, shrivel, or drop from clusters (Figure 3). Life Cycle The powdery mildew fungus overwinters as hyphae inside dormant buds, or as chasmothecia (spore- bearing structures) in bark or on canes, leftover fruit, and leaves on the ground. When hyphae from dormant buds serve as the primary inoculum, the new tissue is infected when the bud breaks dormancy. When chasmothecia provide the primary inoculum, plants are infected in the spring when ascospores (sexual spores) are released from the overwintering structures. Ascospores shoot up into the air currents and are wind-blown to susceptible plants, where new infections begin. | 639 | relationship | 0.970 | When chasmothecia provide the primary inoculum, plants are infected in the spring when ascospores (sexual spores) are released from the overwintering structures. | 1 | page=1,block=0 | 0.700 | |
| Why does good airflow help in managing powdery mildew? | canopies at these locations will dry faster | humidity). Low light also favors disease development. For this reason, powdery mildew infections are often found in dense canopies where low light conditions and low air circulation prevail. Management Planting locations with good airflow are preferable; canopies at these locations will dry faster. There are also several different management practices that can help reduce or prevent powdery mildew. Such prac tices increase light penetration and reduce relative humidity in the plant canopy. Do not crowd the plants together when planting or training vines. A high canopy designed with air ventilation in mind will be preferable to a canopy that has low ventila tion and high leaf density. Airflow and ventilation will discourage mildew growth. | 255 | relationship | 0.970 | Management Planting locations with good airflow are preferable; canopies at these locations will dry faster. | 1 | page=1,block=8 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the purpose of rotating fungicides with different modes of action? | delaying or preventing the development of fungicide resistance in pathogens | See Table 1 for fungicides currently registered for use on grapes to help man age powdery mildew in New Mexico. This table lists fungicides by modes of action. Rotating fungicides with dif ferent modes of action is important in resistance management (delaying or preventing the development of fungicide resistance in pathogens). | 251 | relationship | 0.970 | Rotating fungicides with dif ferent modes of action is important in resistance management (delaying or preventing the development of fungicide resistance in pathogens). | 2 | page=2,block=2 | 0.700 | valid |
| Why are powdery mildew infections often found in dense canopies? | low light conditions and low air circulation prevail | humidity). Low light also favors disease development. For this reason, powdery mildew infections are often found in dense canopies where low light conditions and low air circulation prevail. Management Planting locations with good airflow are preferable; canopies at these locations will dry faster. There are also several different management practices that can help reduce or prevent powdery mildew. Such prac tices increase light penetration and reduce relative humidity in the plant canopy. Do not crowd the plants together when planting or training vines. A high canopy designed with air ventilation in mind will be preferable to a canopy that has low ventila tion and high leaf density. Airflow and ventilation will discourage mildew growth. | 137 | relationship | 0.970 | For this reason, powdery mildew infections are often found in dense canopies where low light conditions and low air circulation prevail. | 1 | page=1,block=8 | 0.700 | valid |
| Why is good airflow important in managing powdery mildew? | Airflow and ventilation will discourage mildew growth | humidity). Low light also favors disease development. For this reason, powdery mildew infections are often found in dense canopies where low light conditions and low air circulation prevail. Management Planting locations with good airflow are preferable; canopies at these locations will dry faster. There are also several different management practices that can help reduce or prevent powdery mildew. Such prac tices increase light penetration and reduce relative humidity in the plant canopy. Do not crowd the plants together when planting or training vines. A high canopy designed with air ventilation in mind will be preferable to a canopy that has low ventila tion and high leaf density. Airflow and ventilation will discourage mildew growth. | 693 | relationship | 0.970 | A high canopy designed with air ventilation in mind will be preferable to a canopy that has low ventila tion and high leaf density. Airflow and ventilation will discourage mildew growth. | 1 | page=1,block=8 | 0.700 | valid |
| Why should nitrogen fertilizer applications be avoided in late summer? | to limit the production of succulent tissue | Selectively pruning overcrowded plantings and removing leaves are rec ommended cultural practices to increase light pen etration and the circulation of air; this also decreases relative humidity infection. Do not compost infected plant debris. Avoid nitrogen fertilizer applications in the late summer to limit the production of succulent tissue. Water early in the morning to let the tissue and soil dry as quickly as possible. Avoid overhead watering to reduce relative humidity. Fungicides may be used for managing powdery mildew. For best results, fungicide treatments should begin before the overwintering fungus can infect new growth. The first few treatments are the most important and should be applied at appropriate in tervals, starting at bud break or early shoot growth. | 302 | relationship | 0.970 | Avoid nitrogen fertilizer applications in the late summer to limit the production of succulent tissue. | 1 | page=1,block=8 | 0.700 | valid |
| Why is rotating fungicides with different modes of action important? | in resistance management (delaying or preventing the development of fungicide resistance in pathogens) | See Table 1 for fungicides currently registered for use on grapes to help man age powdery mildew in New Mexico. This table lists fungicides by modes of action. Rotating fungicides with dif ferent modes of action is important in resistance management (delaying or preventing the development of fungicide resistance in pathogens). | 225 | relationship | 0.970 | Rotating fungicides with dif ferent modes of action is important in resistance management (delaying or preventing the development of fungicide resistance in pathogens). | 2 | page=2,block=2 | 0.700 | valid |
| What triggers new infections when chasmothecia provide the primary inoculum? | ascospores (sexual spores) are released from the overwintering structures | Severely infected leaves may exhibit mottling or deformity, including leaf curling and withering. Infected fruit turn grayish-white at first and ultimately exhibit a brown russeted appear ance. Infected fruit may crack, shrivel, or drop from clusters (Figure 3). Life Cycle The powdery mildew fungus overwinters as hyphae inside dormant buds, or as chasmothecia (spore- bearing structures) in bark or on canes, leftover fruit, and leaves on the ground. When hyphae from dormant buds serve as the primary inoculum, the new tissue is infected when the bud breaks dormancy. When chasmothecia provide the primary inoculum, plants are infected in the spring when ascospores (sexual spores) are released from the overwintering structures. Ascospores shoot up into the air currents and are wind-blown to susceptible plants, where new infections begin. | 658 | relationship | 0.970 | When chasmothecia provide the primary inoculum, plants are infected in the spring when ascospores (sexual spores) are released from the overwintering structures. | 1 | page=1,block=0 | 0.700 |
Read straight from the file — download or use the API URL for the full dataset.
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