201 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from ISBN: 978-93-5811-343-3, published by icmr.gov.in. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. 138 of the 201 pairs (68.7%) are explanatory questions and 63 restate a figure. 99.50% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
Use the API URL with your free DD token in notebooks, scripts, and pipelines.
https://www.desidata.in/api/datasets/ethical-guidelines-for-ai-in-healthcare-2023-question-and-answer-dataset/downloadDataset downloads are free. For Python or API downloads, sign in once and create a free DD token; set it as DD_TOKEN or save it in your notebook's secrets. Requests are linked to your account so your download history and counts stay accurate.
# One-time install: pip install desidata
# Set DD_TOKEN in your environment first (create a free token in Profile & settings).
import desidata
df = desidata.load("ethical-guidelines-for-ai-in-healthcare-2023-question-and-answer-dataset")
df.head()Sign in with Google to download.
Usable for analysis, but expect some cleaning before you rely on it.
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First 10 of 201 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is a potential risk of using AI technologies in healthcare? | used in healthcare, there is a possibility that the system can function independently and undermine human autonomy | When AI technologies are used in healthcare, there is a possibility that the system can function independently and undermine human autonomy. The application of AI technology into healthcare may transfer the responsibility of decision-making into the hands of machines. | 25 | definition | 1.000 | When AI technologies are used in healthcare, there is a possibility that the system can function independently and undermine human autonomy. | 24 | page=24,block=3 | 0.850 | valid |
| What must happen if there is an allegation of discrimination or bias in an AI technology? | any allegation of discrimination or indication of bias in an AI technology, the operation of such a system must be temporarily discontinued | The existence of bias in the data set can potentially affect the functioning of AI technology. If there is any allegation of discrimination or indication of bias in an AI technology, the operation of such a system must be temporarily discontinued. The manufacturer has the responsibility to eliminate the bias. | 107 | definition | 1.000 | If there is any allegation of discrimination or indication of bias in an AI technology, the operation of such a system must be temporarily discontinued. | 37 | page=37,block=0 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the purpose of the DHR-ICMR Artificial Intelligence (AI) Cell? | an overarching body to coordinate and supervise all Al-related activities of different divisions and institutes of ICMR | The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, the apex body in India for the formulation, coordination and promotion of biomedical research, is one of the oldest medical research bodies in the world. DHR-ICMR Artificial Intelligence (AI) Cell is an overarching body to coordinate and supervise all Al-related activities of different divisions and institutes of ICMR. | 258 | definition | 1.000 | DHR-ICMR Artificial Intelligence (AI) Cell is an overarching body to coordinate and supervise all Al-related activities of different divisions and institutes of ICMR. | 78 | page=78,ocr=1 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is necessary to direct the development and use of AI technologies in healthcare? | An ethically sound policy frame work | Tuberculosis screening can be done by AI using Chest X-Rays with comparable performance as molecular testing[3], and mammography scans can be used to predict the onset of breast cancer before visual signs appear[4]. AI for health has been recognized as one of the core areas by researchers as well as the governments. An ethically sound policy frame work is essential to guide the AI technologies development and its application in healthcare. Further, as AI technologies get further developed and applied in clinical decision making, it is important to have processes that discuss accountability in case of errors for safeguarding and protection. Just like any other diagnostic tool, AI-based solutions themselves cannot be held accountable for its decisions and judgments. | 318 | definition | 1.000 | AI for health has been recognized as one of the core areas by researchers as well as the governments. An ethically sound policy frame work is essential to guide the AI technologies development and its application in healthcare. | 14 | page=14,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What does 'explainable' mean in the context of AI-based algorithms? | the results and interpretations provided by AI-based algorithms should be explainable based on scientific plausibility | Ethical Guidelines for Application of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Research and Healthcare 17 iv. Explainable, i.e., the results and interpretations provided by AI-based algorithms should be explainable based on scientific plausibility. It should be possible to understand the logic behind the results obtained so that AI technology is valid, reliable and responsible. The lack of information about the decision-making by AI algorithms has prompted some to label it as a “black box” which can prove a deterrent to its wider adoption. A well explainable AI-based solution is expected to improve the confidence of both the patient and the health professionals. v. A diagnostic AI technology may produce results that are not in line with the physicians’ views/ decision on disease. Such situations may question the credibility of the system as well as the doctor. | 126 | definition | 1.000 | Explainable, i.e., the results and interpretations provided by AI-based algorithms should be explainable based on scientific plausibility. | 30 | page=30,block=0 | ||
| What are patient identifiers, and how should they be handled? | patient identifiers can be present as “Metadata” and as “on-image” data and both need to be effectively anonymized | It is important to know that patient identifiers can be present as “Metadata” and as “on-image” data and both need to be effectively anonymized. The issues related to the ownership of the data are complex and vary based on the national or regional laws and regulations. It also depends on the degree of data anonymization. Since often data for building AI applications is gathered from multiple diverse sources (e.g., medical and insurance records, pharmaceutical data, genetic data, social media, GPS data, etc.), it can potentially become easier to trace that data to patient and (intentionally or unintentionally) defeat the goals of privacy. Current Data Protection Act available in India is the IT Act, 2000. | 29 | definition | 1.000 | It is important to know that patient identifiers can be present as “Metadata” and as “on-image” data and both need to be effectively anonymized. | 32 | page=32,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What does the 'Human In The Loop' concept focus on in healthcare? | places human beings in a supervisory role and is more relevant for healthcare purposes | Ethical Guidelines for Application of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Research and Healthcare 22 for health should always be appropriately supervised. Open source software must also follow best ethical practices so as to ensure that ethical consideration are not compromised at any point of time in the name of innovation. iii. The concept ‘Human In The Loop’ (HITL) places human beings in a supervisory role and is more relevant for healthcare purposes. This will ensure an individualized decision making by the health professionals keeping the interest of the patient in the center. Adoption of the HITL principle throughout the development and deployment of AI for Health also helps in optimal sharing of accountability by the team involved in development and deployment of AI-based algorithms. iv. | 373 | definition | 1.000 | The concept ‘Human In The Loop’ (HITL) places human beings in a supervisory role and is more relevant for healthcare purposes. | 35 | page=35,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the meaning of the term 'digital divide'? | uneven distribution of access to, use of or effect of information and communication technologies | It would reduce the bias associated with the AI technologies. vi. AI technologies may include local languages in their user interface to overcome the language barrier associated with the accessibility of technology. It increases AI technology acceptance and more comprehensive user compliance. vii. Some AI technologies may need internet connectivity, technical expertise, electricity, and other infrastructure. Relevant stakeholders of AI technology should ensure that adequate infrastructure is available for the smooth and optimum functioning of an AI technology that is intended to be used in a low-resource setting. viii. Digital divide refers to uneven distribution of access to, use of or effect of information and communication technologies among any | 652 | definition | 1.000 | Digital divide refers to uneven distribution of access to, use of or effect of information and communication technologies among any | 39 | page=39,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What principle supports the need for obtaining informed consent in health research? | competent individuals are entitled to choose freely whether or not to participate or continue to participate in the research and development | The researcher must obtain written informed consent from the study participant for any health research involving human participants and their data. This requirement is based on the principle that competent individuals are entitled to choose freely whether or not to participate or continue to participate in the research and development. Informed consent is a process which primarily involves three major components providing relevant information to prospective participants, ensuring the individual’s competence, ensuring the information is easily understood by the participants and ensuring the voluntariness of participation. | 196 | definition | 1.000 | This requirement is based on the principle that competent individuals are entitled to choose freely whether or not to participate or continue to participate in the research and development. | 57 | page=57,block=3 | 0.700 | valid |
| What criteria must be fulfilled for consent to be deemed valid? | freely given and not obtained through duress or coercion of any kind, or by offering undue inducements | The document must inform that this is a “research”. The participant must be able to comprehend the proposed research or system to be developed, be able to make an informed decision about whether or not to participate in the study and communicate her/his decision to the researcher in order to give consent. The consent should be freely given and not obtained through duress or coercion of any kind, or by offering undue inducements. In case the participant is not competent (medically or legally) to give consent, the consent must be taken from a legally authorized representative. Before beginning any study-related procedures involving the participant, a researcher must obtain consent. At all stages, participants’ privacy and confidentiality must be protected. The potential consequences of breech in privacy should also be mentioned in the informed consent document. | 329 | definition | 1.000 | The consent should be freely given and not obtained through duress or coercion of any kind, or by offering undue inducements. | 57 | page=57,block=5 | 0.700 |
Read straight from the file — download or use the API URL for the full dataset.
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