6 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from Azolla’s cultivation with rainwater and its effect on milk yield and quality, published by epubs.icar.org.in. Source-evidenced topics include azolla, rainwater, milk yield, a. pinnata, crude protein, essential amino acids, lysine, calcium. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. Question types in the export: 2 list, 2 relationship, 1 definition, 1 factual. 5 of the 6 pairs (83.3%) ask explanatory questions; the remaining 1 are factual or table-based questions. 100.00% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
This dataset explores the cultivation of Azolla, a free-floating water fern, and its effects on milk yield and quality. Azolla can be grown using rainwater without additional soil, dung, or phosphorus, making it a sustainable feed option. The dataset highlights its nutritional benefits, including high crude protein content, essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Feeding cows one kilogram of fresh Azolla daily reportedly increases milk yield by half a liter per cow and improves fat content. The dataset consists of six extractive question-and-answer pairs derived from a single source document.
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# One-time install: pip install desidata
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import desidata
df = desidata.load("epubs-icar-org-in-cbe925fd2bcb8313952ac3cbd8884d80")
df.head()First 6 of 6 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_document | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What type of plant is Azolla? | a free floating water fern | Azolla is a free floating water fern. It can be grown with just rainwater, without addition of soil, dung or phosphorus. Among different species of genus Azolla, A. pinnata is popular. The higher crude protein content (over 23%) as well as presence of essential amino acids (lysine), vitamins like A and B12 and minerals like calcium, phosphorous, potassium and magnesium made Azolla a useful feed supplement for livestock. Daily feeding of one kg of fresh Azolla increased average milk yield by half a litre per cow besides improving the fat content. | 10 | definition | 0.980 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IndFarm/article/view/163772 | Azolla is a free floating water fern. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What effect does daily feeding of one kilogram of fresh Azolla have on milk yield? | increased average milk yield by half a litre per cow | Azolla is a free floating water fern. It can be grown with just rainwater, without addition of soil, dung or phosphorus. Among different species of genus Azolla, A. pinnata is popular. The higher crude protein content (over 23%) as well as presence of essential amino acids (lysine), vitamins like A and B12 and minerals like calcium, phosphorous, potassium and magnesium made Azolla a useful feed supplement for livestock. Daily feeding of one kg of fresh Azolla increased average milk yield by half a litre per cow besides improving the fat content. | 464 | relationship | 0.970 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IndFarm/article/view/163772 | Daily feeding of one kg of fresh Azolla increased average milk yield by half a litre per cow besides improving the fat content. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What improvement in milk quality is associated with feeding cows one kilogram of fresh Azolla daily? | improving the fat content | Azolla is a free floating water fern. It can be grown with just rainwater, without addition of soil, dung or phosphorus. Among different species of genus Azolla, A. pinnata is popular. The higher crude protein content (over 23%) as well as presence of essential amino acids (lysine), vitamins like A and B12 and minerals like calcium, phosphorous, potassium and magnesium made Azolla a useful feed supplement for livestock. Daily feeding of one kg of fresh Azolla increased average milk yield by half a litre per cow besides improving the fat content. | 525 | relationship | 0.890 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IndFarm/article/view/163772 | Daily feeding of one kg of fresh Azolla increased average milk yield by half a litre per cow besides improving the fat content. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What minerals are contained in Azolla? | calcium, phosphorous, potassium and magnesium | Azolla is a free floating water fern. It can be grown with just rainwater, without addition of soil, dung or phosphorus. Among different species of genus Azolla, A. pinnata is popular. The higher crude protein content (over 23%) as well as presence of essential amino acids (lysine), vitamins like A and B12 and minerals like calcium, phosphorous, potassium and magnesium made Azolla a useful feed supplement for livestock. Daily feeding of one kg of fresh Azolla increased average milk yield by half a litre per cow besides improving the fat content. | 326 | list | 0.780 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IndFarm/article/view/163772 | The higher crude protein content (over 23%) as well as presence of essential amino acids (lysine), vitamins like A and B12 and minerals like calcium, phosphorous, potassium and magnesium made Azolla a useful feed supplement for livestock. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What vitamins are found in Azolla? | vitamins like A and B12 | Azolla is a free floating water fern. It can be grown with just rainwater, without addition of soil, dung or phosphorus. Among different species of genus Azolla, A. pinnata is popular. The higher crude protein content (over 23%) as well as presence of essential amino acids (lysine), vitamins like A and B12 and minerals like calcium, phosphorous, potassium and magnesium made Azolla a useful feed supplement for livestock. Daily feeding of one kg of fresh Azolla increased average milk yield by half a litre per cow besides improving the fat content. | 284 | list | 0.780 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IndFarm/article/view/163772 | The higher crude protein content (over 23%) as well as presence of essential amino acids (lysine), vitamins like A and B12 and minerals like calcium, phosphorous, potassium and magnesium made Azolla a useful feed supplement for livestock. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| Which species of Azolla is popular? | A. pinnata | Azolla is a free floating water fern. It can be grown with just rainwater, without addition of soil, dung or phosphorus. Among different species of genus Azolla, A. pinnata is popular. The higher crude protein content (over 23%) as well as presence of essential amino acids (lysine), vitamins like A and B12 and minerals like calcium, phosphorous, potassium and magnesium made Azolla a useful feed supplement for livestock. Daily feeding of one kg of fresh Azolla increased average milk yield by half a litre per cow besides improving the fat content. | 162 | factual | 0.450 | https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IndFarm/article/view/163772 | Among different species of genus Azolla, A. pinnata is popular. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid |
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