28 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from 1725952351 ent epistaxis, published by icmr.gov.in. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. 18 of the 28 pairs (64.3%) are explanatory questions and 10 restate a figure. 100.00% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
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import desidata
df = desidata.load("epistaxis-causes-diagnosis-and-management-question-and-answer-dataset")
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Usable for analysis, but expect some cleaning before you rely on it.
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First 10 of 28 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is a common cause of epistaxis in children? | mucosal drying by dry air | 1. Epistaxis in children is almost always anterior and from Little’s area, consequent to mucosal drying by dry air. 2. Epistaxis in adults is often related to hypertension and arises posteriorly from the posterior end of inferior turbinate 3. Initial non-invasive methods may suffice in a large majority of patients. CT: Computerized Tomograms URTI: Upper Respiratory Tract Infection JNA: Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma DSA: Digital Subtraction Angiography | 89 | relationship | 0.970 | Epistaxis in children is almost always anterior and from Little’s area, consequent to mucosal drying by dry air. | 1 | page=1,block=35 | 0.700 | valid |
| What does the abbreviation JNA refer to in relation to nosebleeds? | Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma | 1. Epistaxis in children is almost always anterior and from Little’s area, consequent to mucosal drying by dry air. 2. Epistaxis in adults is often related to hypertension and arises posteriorly from the posterior end of inferior turbinate 3. Initial non-invasive methods may suffice in a large majority of patients. CT: Computerized Tomograms URTI: Upper Respiratory Tract Infection JNA: Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma DSA: Digital Subtraction Angiography | 389 | definition | 0.940 | CT: Computerized Tomograms URTI: Upper Respiratory Tract Infection JNA: Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma DSA: Digital Subtraction Angiography | 1 | page=1,block=35 | 0.700 | valid |
| What does JNA stand for in the context of nasal bleeding? | Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma | 1. Epistaxis in children is almost always anterior and from Little’s area, consequent to mucosal drying by dry air. 2. Epistaxis in adults is often related to hypertension and arises posteriorly from the posterior end of inferior turbinate 3. Initial non-invasive methods may suffice in a large majority of patients. CT: Computerized Tomograms URTI: Upper Respiratory Tract Infection JNA: Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma DSA: Digital Subtraction Angiography | 389 | definition | 0.940 | CT: Computerized Tomograms URTI: Upper Respiratory Tract Infection JNA: Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma DSA: Digital Subtraction Angiography | 1 | page=1,block=35 | 0.700 | valid |
| What does DSA stand for? | Digital Subtraction Angiography | 1. Epistaxis in children is almost always anterior and from Little’s area, consequent to mucosal drying by dry air. 2. Epistaxis in adults is often related to hypertension and arises posteriorly from the posterior end of inferior turbinate 3. Initial non-invasive methods may suffice in a large majority of patients. CT: Computerized Tomograms URTI: Upper Respiratory Tract Infection JNA: Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma DSA: Digital Subtraction Angiography | 431 | definition | 0.900 | CT: Computerized Tomograms URTI: Upper Respiratory Tract Infection JNA: Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma DSA: Digital Subtraction Angiography | 1 | page=1,block=35 | 0.700 | valid |
| What condition can cause congested nasal mucosa observed during examination? | as in URTI | • Local examination by anterior rhinoscopy/ endoscopy to look for source of bleeding (scanty/moderate). • Little’s area bleeder/clot/congestion • Sharp septal spur • Congested nasal mucosa as in URTI • General physical examination to evaluate other systems (Cardiovascular/Lower Respiratory/Neurological) clinically. | 189 | relationship | 0.890 | • Little’s area bleeder/clot/congestion • Sharp septal spur • Congested nasal mucosa as in URTI • General physical examination to evaluate other systems (Cardiovascular/Lower Respiratory/Neurological) clinically. | 1 | page=1,block=30 | 0.700 | valid |
| What condition is often related to epistaxis in adults? | hypertension | 1. Epistaxis in children is almost always anterior and from Little’s area, consequent to mucosal drying by dry air. 2. Epistaxis in adults is often related to hypertension and arises posteriorly from the posterior end of inferior turbinate 3. Initial non-invasive methods may suffice in a large majority of patients. CT: Computerized Tomograms URTI: Upper Respiratory Tract Infection JNA: Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma DSA: Digital Subtraction Angiography | 159 | relationship | 0.890 | Epistaxis in adults is often related to hypertension and arises posteriorly from the posterior end of inferior turbinate 3. | 1 | page=1,block=35 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the purpose of bidigital compression of the nose in Trotter’s position? | Control bleeding/bleeder | STEP-WISE MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLE 1. Ensure patent airway/ avoid aspiration by head down/lateral positioning 2. Restore hemodynamic stability by intravenous fluid replacement/ transfusion 3. Control bleeding/bleeder by • Bidigital compression of nose for 10 minutes in Trotter’s position (cotton pledgets soaked in 4% xylocaine with adrenaline may be used) • Short term tab labetalol will take care of uncontrolled hypertension • Chemical/electrocauterization of bleeder in Little’s area 4. Tamponade of bleeders by anterior nasal packing/ epistaxis balloon 5. Poterior nasal packing if bleeding is not controlled with above measures 6. Antibiotic prophylaxis and hospitalizarion is recommended after nasal packing 7. H2blockers/ PPI to be given in case of blood aspiration to avoid gastritis 8. | 188 | relationship | 0.890 | Restore hemodynamic stability by intravenous fluid replacement/ transfusion 3. Control bleeding/bleeder by • Bidigital compression of nose for 10 minutes in Trotter’s position (cotton pledgets soaked in 4% xylocaine with adrenaline may be used) • Short term tab labetalol will take care of uncontrolled hypertension • Chemical/electrocauterization of bleeder in Little’s area 4. | 1 | |||
| What is Little’s area associated with in nasal bleeding cases? | Little’s area bleeder/clot/congestion | • Local examination by anterior rhinoscopy/ endoscopy to look for source of bleeding (scanty/moderate). • Little’s area bleeder/clot/congestion • Sharp septal spur • Congested nasal mucosa as in URTI • General physical examination to evaluate other systems (Cardiovascular/Lower Respiratory/Neurological) clinically. | 106 | relationship | 0.890 | • Little’s area bleeder/clot/congestion • Sharp septal spur • Congested nasal mucosa as in URTI • General physical examination to evaluate other systems (Cardiovascular/Lower Respiratory/Neurological) clinically. | 1 | page=1,block=30 | 0.700 | valid |
| Why are H2 blockers or PPIs given in cases of blood aspiration? | to avoid gastritis | STEP-WISE MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLE 1. Ensure patent airway/ avoid aspiration by head down/lateral positioning 2. Restore hemodynamic stability by intravenous fluid replacement/ transfusion 3. Control bleeding/bleeder by • Bidigital compression of nose for 10 minutes in Trotter’s position (cotton pledgets soaked in 4% xylocaine with adrenaline may be used) • Short term tab labetalol will take care of uncontrolled hypertension • Chemical/electrocauterization of bleeder in Little’s area 4. Tamponade of bleeders by anterior nasal packing/ epistaxis balloon 5. Poterior nasal packing if bleeding is not controlled with above measures 6. Antibiotic prophylaxis and hospitalizarion is recommended after nasal packing 7. H2blockers/ PPI to be given in case of blood aspiration to avoid gastritis 8. | 771 | relationship | 0.890 | H2blockers/ PPI to be given in case of blood aspiration to avoid gastritis 8. | 1 | page=1,block=38 | 0.700 | valid |
| What are some signs that may indicate neoplasia in cases of nosebleeds? | Unilateral bleeding . Nasal obstruction .Visual/orbital symptoms . Obvious mass lesion | 1. Continued nasal lubrication for 2 weeks with liquid paraffin 2. Repeat anterior rhinoscopy/ endoscopy to know/confim the cause of bleeding 3. Oral hematinics to be considered if needed CLINICAL SCENARIOS Acute bleeding from the nose after physical trauma/ barotrauma/ nose picking/ physical exertion. Acute bleeding from the nose in hypertensive / hematological disorders. Acute bleeding from the nose without any obvious cause. Features suggestive of neoplasia . Unilateral bleeding . Nasal obstruction .Visual/orbital symptoms . Obvious mass lesion Recurrent profuse bleeding - Consider JNA in teenage boys - Aneurysmal bleeding (specially following trauma) to be ruled out by DSA - To be managed by appropriate treatment at tertiary level Persistent bleeding despite nasal packing Altered blood counts/ coagualtion profile | 467 | list | 0.820 | Features suggestive of neoplasia . Unilateral bleeding . Nasal obstruction .Visual/orbital symptoms . Obvious mass lesion Recurrent profuse bleeding - Consider JNA in teenage boys - Aneurysmal bleeding (specially following trauma) to be ruled out by DSA - To be managed by appropriate treatment at tertiary level Persistent bleeding despite nasal packing Altered blood counts/ coagualtion profile |
Read straight from the file — download or use the API URL for the full dataset.
| page=1,block=38 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 1 |
| page=1,block=10 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |