240 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from December, 2020, published by desagri.gov.in. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. 107 of the 240 pairs (44.6%) are explanatory questions and 133 restate a figure. 98.75% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
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First 10 of 240 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is the basis for the authors' analysis? | based on primary data collected from study area | The study is primarily based on socio-economic status and profile of resources used, costs and return behavior, input-output relationship and resource use efficiency. The authors’ analysis was based on primary data collected from study area. The findings of the study revealed that the Cost-Benefit ratio of ashwagandha crop cultivation was observed 1:3.08. | 193 | definition | 1.000 | The authors’ analysis was based on primary data collected from study area. | 3 | page=3,block=4 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the basis of the present study? | based on the secondary data collected from Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare | The present study is based on the secondary data collected from Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. The time series data on area, production and productivity of castor for five major castor growing states was collected for a period from 1976- 77 to 2017-18. | 21 | definition | 1.000 | The present study is based on the secondary data collected from Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. | 12 | page=12,block=4 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is castor oil believed to be capable of doing? | heal wounds and cure aliments | Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is also known as the “Palm of Christ” or “Palma Christi,” that derives from castor oil’s reputed ability to heal wounds and cure aliments. Probably native to Eastern Africa and India, this species has become naturalized throughout the tropical world. Castor plants are generally grown for oil yielding seeds. Castor oil has high usage value for biodegradable lubricants, bio-fuel and many other applications, with its emission of gases complying with international environmental standards. In India during 1950s, castor was a crop of low value and was primarily grown in dry areas of Andhra Pradesh. But over the years, the center of castor production has shifted to Gujarat. Interestingly, at present most of the increase in total castor production contributed from Gujarat, where this crop has become a major cash crop in the farmers’ portfolio (Tewari, 2012). | 137 | definition | 1.000 | Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is also known as the “Palm of Christ” or “Palma Christi,” that derives from castor oil’s reputed ability to heal wounds and cure aliments. | 11 | page=11,block=3 | 0.700 | |
| What does the variable 'Yt' signify in the formula for calculating compound growth rate? | Area/production/productivity of castor in the year ‘t’ | Compound growth rate The compound growth rates (CGRs) of area, production and productivity of castor in India as well as across the major castor producing states were calculated using the exponential function of the following specification, Yt = abt ………………………….. (1) In the log form, the above function (1) was formulated as, log Yt = log a + t log b …………….................. (2) Where, Yt = Area/production/productivity of castor in the year ‘t’; t = Time variable in years taking the value of 1, 2, 3, ...n; a = Intercept; b = Regression coefficient (1+r); and r = Compound growth rate. The value of log b in equation (2) was computed using the formula, Where, N = Number of years. Subsequently, the compound growth rate (%) was computed using the formulation, Compound growth rate (r) = [(Antilog of log b)-1]*100 ............ | 391 | definition | 1.000 | (2) Where, Yt = Area/production/productivity of castor in the year ‘t’; t = Time variable in years taking the value of 1, 2, 3, ...n; a = Intercept; b = Regression coefficient (1+r); and r = Compound growth rate. | 12 | page=12,block=4 | ||
| How is the compound growth rate expressed as a percentage? | Compound growth rate (r) = [(Antilog of log b)-1]*100 | Compound growth rate The compound growth rates (CGRs) of area, production and productivity of castor in India as well as across the major castor producing states were calculated using the exponential function of the following specification, Yt = abt ………………………….. (1) In the log form, the above function (1) was formulated as, log Yt = log a + t log b …………….................. (2) Where, Yt = Area/production/productivity of castor in the year ‘t’; t = Time variable in years taking the value of 1, 2, 3, ...n; a = Intercept; b = Regression coefficient (1+r); and r = Compound growth rate. The value of log b in equation (2) was computed using the formula, Where, N = Number of years. Subsequently, the compound growth rate (%) was computed using the formulation, Compound growth rate (r) = [(Antilog of log b)-1]*100 ............ | 762 | definition | 1.000 | Subsequently, the compound growth rate (%) was computed using the formulation, Compound growth rate (r) = [(Antilog of log b)-1]*100 ............ | 12 | page=12,block=4 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is included in Cost A2 for a tenant farmer? | Cost A1 + Rent paid for leased land | Charges of hired machinery iii. Imputed value of owned seeds iv. Market value of seed v. Imputed value of owned manures vi. Market value of manures and fertilizers vii. Market value of plant protection chemicals viii. Irrigation charges ix. Interest on working capital x. Depreciation charges on farm building, machinery, implements, etc. xi. Land revenue xii. Miscellaneous charges Cost A2: The cost A2 is defined for tenant farmer. Mathematically cost A2 can be expressed as Cost A2 = Cost A1 + Rent paid for leased land Cost B1= A2 + interest on amount of owned capital invested in cultivation of Ashwagandha excluding the value of land Cost B2 = Cost B1 + rental value of owned land- (land revenue +rent paid for leased in land) Cost C1 = Cost B1 + imputed value of family labour | 487 | definition | 1.000 | Mathematically cost A2 can be expressed as Cost A2 = Cost A1 + Rent paid for leased land Cost B1= A2 + interest on amount of owned capital invested in cultivation of Ashwagandha excluding the value of land Cost B2 = Cost B1 + rental value of owned land- (land revenue +rent paid for leased in land) Cost C1 = Cost B1 + imputed value of family labour | 21 | page=21,block=9 | ||
| What are views expressed? | not necessarily those of the Government of India | The journal is brought out by the Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, it aims at presenting an integrated picture of the food and agricultural situation in India on month to month basis. The views expressed are not necessarily those of the Government of India. Note to Contributors | 259 | definition | 0.980 | The views expressed are not necessarily those of the Government of India. | 52 | page=52,block=0 | 0.850 | valid |
| What does the Pearson’s correlation coefficient evaluate? | the degree or strength of the association between crop yield and inputs application | Regression and correlation analysis To determine the inputs-output relationship, the multiple linear regression model was used as Y= b0+ b1X1 + b2X2+,...,+ b10X10 +U Where, Y = dependent variable bi = constant term Xi = explanatory variables U = error term The Pearson’s correlation coefficient is used to measure the degree or strength of the association between crop yield and inputs application. | 314 | definition | 0.980 | Regression and correlation analysis To determine the inputs-output relationship, the multiple linear regression model was used as Y= b0+ b1X1 + b2X2+,...,+ b10X10 +U Where, Y = dependent variable bi = constant term Xi = explanatory variables U = error term The Pearson’s correlation coefficient is used to measure the degree or strength of the association between crop yield and inputs application. | 22 | page=22,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the reason that Addressing the gathering, the Union Minister of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Shri Narendra Singh Tomar said that the entire north east? | difficult terrain is lagging behind and all ministries including agriculture ministry are working towards ensuring a progressive north east | Addressing the gathering, the Union Minister of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Shri Narendra Singh Tomar said that the entire north east due to difficult terrain is lagging behind and all ministries including agriculture ministry are working towards ensuring a progressive north east. He said that this lag needs to be removed and can only be done through a comprehensive vision along with stable policy planning and balanced growth across the region as envisioned by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi. | 146 | relationship | 0.970 | Addressing the gathering, the Union Minister of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Shri Narendra Singh Tomar said that the entire north east due to difficult terrain is lagging behind and all ministries including agriculture ministry are working towards ensuring a progressive north east. | 4 | page=4,block=4 | 0.800 | valid |
| How is honey beekeeping expected to benefit small and marginal farmers? | change the lifestyle of small and marginal farmers and help in achieving the goal of increasing farmer’s income. | Shri Tomar also said that honey beekeeping will change the lifestyle of small and marginal farmers and help in achieving the goal of increasing farmer’s income. Government of India is promoting the creation of FPOs in view of their significant role in fulfilling | 48 | relationship | 0.970 | Shri Tomar also said that honey beekeeping will change the lifestyle of small and marginal farmers and help in achieving the goal of increasing farmer’s income. Government of India is promoting the creation of FPOs in view of their significant role in fulfilling | 6 | page=6,block=8 | 0.700 | valid |
Read straight from the file — download or use the API URL for the full dataset.
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