225 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from November, 2021, published by desagri.gov.in. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. 132 of the 225 pairs (58.7%) are explanatory questions and 93 restate a figure. 98.22% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
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First 10 of 225 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is the purpose of the KCC scheme introduced by the Government of India? | no doubt an important umbrella policy initiative of the Government of India providing protection to the farmers from the clutches of private money lenders | Further, it is desirable that procedures for loan disbursement could be simplified so as to remove all hindrances for the less educated and illiterate households in accessing institutional financing agencies for credit. KCC scheme is no doubt an important umbrella policy initiative of the Government of India providing protection to the farmers from the clutches of private money lenders. If implemented in right perspective, it can contribute in the improvement of the rural economy through agricultural development in particular and the State economy in general. | 234 | definition | 1.000 | KCC scheme is no doubt an important umbrella policy initiative of the Government of India providing protection to the farmers from the clutches of private money lenders. | 28 | page=28,block=3 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the goal of the Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH)? | holistic growth of the horticulture sector covering fruits, vegetables, root and tuber crops, mushrooms, spices, flowers, aromatic plants, coconut, cashew and cocoa | Source: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare, Govt. of India Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu are the major fruits producing states, whereas Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Odisha are the major vegetables producing states of the country (in order of production, as per the Third Advance Estimates of 2020-21). The Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH), a Centrally Sponsored Scheme is being implemented w.e.f. 2014-15, for holistic growth of the horticulture sector covering fruits, vegetables, root and tuber crops, mushrooms, spices, flowers, aromatic plants, coconut, cashew and cocoa. All states (including Assam) and UTs are covered under MIDH. | 556 | definition | 1.000 | 2014-15, for holistic growth of the horticulture sector covering fruits, vegetables, root and tuber crops, mushrooms, spices, flowers, aromatic plants, coconut, cashew and cocoa. | 11 | page=11,block=1 | ||
| What does Yi represent in the context of the empirical model? | an unobserved response to increasing KCC acceptance | The empirical model is Yi = βo + SβiXi + µi where, Yi is an unobserved response to increasing KCC acceptance, Xi is a matrix of independent variables comprising socio-economic and farm characteristics, βi is beta in regression model which shows coefficient of dependent variable and i denotes number of variable (1.....n) and βo is the intercept and µ is the error term. The present model has been estimated to predict the probability of the factors influencing KCC holders’ acceptance. | 57 | definition | 1.000 | The empirical model is Yi = βo + SβiXi + µi where, Yi is an unobserved response to increasing KCC acceptance, Xi is a matrix of independent variables comprising socio-economic and farm characteristics, βi is beta in regression model which shows coefficient of dependent variable and i denotes number of variable (1.....n) and βo is the intercept and µ is the error term. | 20 | page=20,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What was the goal of the Kisan Credit Card scheme introduced in 1998? | delivering timely and adequate short term credit to the needy farmers in a cost effective manner | overwhelming overdues/non-performing assets, high transaction cost, low financial margins and regulated interest rates. the RFIs failed to accumulate enough resources and were unable to mobilize speedy disbursement of credit in the rural areas (Gulati & Seema, 2002). Realizing the problems, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) constituted one man committee (Shri R.V. Gupta) in December, 1997 add in 1998 instructed all public sector banks, RRBs and co-operative banks to launch Kisan Credit Card scheme (KCCs) and which was then adopted by all (Agarwal et al., 2016). This scheme aimed at delivering timely and adequate short term credit to the needy farmers in a cost effective manner by simplifying the procedure for availing loan from banks to a large extent. The KCCs thus emerged as an innovative and indispensable credit delivery mechanism (Bhatt, 2012). | 583 | definition | 1.000 | This scheme aimed at delivering timely and adequate short term credit to the needy farmers in a cost effective manner by simplifying the procedure for availing loan from banks to a large extent. | 21 | page=21,block=2 | ||
| What type of dependent variable is used in the logistic regression model? | binary in nature (1 = KCC HHs and 0 = Non-KCC HHs) | Since logistic regression is used, the dependent variable is binary in nature (1 = KCC HHs and 0 = Non-KCC HHs) 3.4. Logistic model regression result An empirical model has been formulated to identify KCC and non-KCC holders among the farmer households and what determines a farmer to own KCC option for facilitating their agricultural ventures. KCC farmer households is considered as a dependent variable whereas the independent variables were listed as factors related to socio-economic and farm characteristics viz., size of family, educational level of farmers, size of operational landholdings, per capita farm income, per hectare returns, use of tractor, use of tube well by the farmer’s households. The results of the estimated parameters of the Logistic model at farm level are presented in Table 7. | 61 | definition | 1.000 | Since logistic regression is used, the dependent variable is binary in nature (1 = KCC HHs and 0 = Non-KCC HHs) 3.4. | 27 | page=27,block=3 | 0.700 | valid |
| What does the Compound Annual Growth Rate analysis evaluate? | the growth rate in area, production and productivity | Secondary data sourced from the DCCD- Directorate of Cashewnut and Cocoa Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare, Government of India and ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod are used for analysis. Newspaper reports, publications and forecasts of various governmental and private agencies are also used for the study. Descriptive statistics like ratios and percentages, mean and trend are employed in the analysis of data. (i) Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) analysis Compound Annual Growth rate analysis is carried out to determine the growth rate in area, production and productivity. Exponential growth function is of the form: Y = a bt et where, Y = cocoa area, production, productivity unit value t = time variable et = error term ‘a’ and ‘b’ are unknown constants to be estimated. | 577 | definition | 1.000 | (i) Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) analysis Compound Annual Growth rate analysis is carried out to determine the growth rate in area, production and productivity. | 31 | page=31,block=9 | 0.700 | valid |
| What does a CDVI value of 20.028 signify? | the presence of medium instability in domestic prices over the past two decades | A CDVI value of 20.028 from the analysis refers to the presence of medium instability in domestic prices over the past two decades. It is an important factor that adversely affect cocoa cultivation in India. Price instability is a major hindrance preventing more farmers to take up cocoa cultivation. The area under cocoa cultivation is found to be significantly affected by the variations in prices. The domestic cocoa price variations, if smoothened out through apt policy interventions can help a long way in enhancing cocoa acreage in the country. | 51 | definition | 1.000 | A CDVI value of 20.028 from the analysis refers to the presence of medium instability in domestic prices over the past two decades. | 35 | page=35,block=2 | 0.700 | valid |
| What advantages do hybrid and clonal varieties offer in cocoa farming? | high yielding and disease resistant | Inadequate yield can also be attributed to the ignorance of farmers about the advantages of using hybrid and clonal varieties, which are high yielding and disease resistant. Presence of other competing crops also pulls back cocoa from coming to the mainstream cultivation. Early plant care and post-harvest operations like fermenting and drying is very vital in enhancing the final flavour of cocoa. The erratic climatic conditions prevalent, along with insufficient storage facility, is sure to adversely affect the quality of the bean, which in turn impact farmers’ profits. Like any other agricultural crop, inadequate credit facilities and lack of crop insurance schemes provides breeding ground for intermediary exploitation in cocoa sector too. Lack of farm gate procurement facilities and inadequate storage facilities add to the problem of farmers getting exploited. | 137 | definition | 1.000 | Inadequate yield can also be attributed to the ignorance of farmers about the advantages of using hybrid and clonal varieties, which are high yielding and disease resistant. | 35 | page=35,block=4 | 0.700 | |
| What is the purpose of the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)? | a voluntary scheme the premium of which is determined through biding | of farm holdings-Agriculture Census, 2015-16 Share of states in crop insurance scheme Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) is a voluntary scheme the premium of which is determined through biding. | 130 | definition | 1.000 | of farm holdings-Agriculture Census, 2015-16 Share of states in crop insurance scheme Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) is a voluntary scheme the premium of which is determined through biding. | 8 | page=8,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the primary goal of the Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH)? | production and productivity improvement of horticulture crops including fruits and vegetables | The Mission envisages production and productivity improvement of horticulture crops including fruits and vegetables through various interventions. Under MIDH, assistance is provided for activities such as production of planting material, vegetable seed production, coverage of area with improved cultivars, rejuvenation of senile orchards, protected cultivation, creation of water resources, adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IPM), Integrated Nutrient Management (INM), organic farming including in-situ generation of organic inputs are taken up for development of fruits and vegetables. Capacity building of farmers and technicians is also provided for adopting improved technologies. The scheme also envisages creation of Post Harvest Management (PHM) and marketing for better price realization of produce. | 22 | definition | 1.000 | The Mission envisages production and productivity improvement of horticulture crops including fruits and vegetables through various interventions. | 11 | page=11,block=1 | 0.700 |
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