302 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from JUNE, 2021, published by desagri.gov.in. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. 136 of the 302 pairs (45.0%) are explanatory questions and 166 restate a figure. 98.01% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
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import desidata
df = desidata.load("agricultural-situation-in-india-june-2021-question-and-answer-dataset")
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First 10 of 302 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What issue is caused by the preference for cultivating staple food in the state? | an acute shortage of both feed and fodder in the state with less than half of the required amount being produced at the household level | Further, most of the livestock is indigenous and has a low productivity. Also there is an acute shortage of both feed and fodder in the state with less than half of the required amount being produced at the household level. This is due to the preference given to the cultivation of staple food as it gives better financial returns. | 87 | definition | 1.000 | Also there is an acute shortage of both feed and fodder in the state with less than half of the required amount being produced at the household level. | 3 | page=3,block=7 | 0.850 | valid |
| What type of state is West Bengal in terms of fodder availability? | an acute fodder deficient state | 10. West Bengal is an acute fodder deficient state. It is partly due to non-availability of fodder land which is far below the all India average and partly due to lack of adequate pasture and grazing land. | 19 | definition | 1.000 | West Bengal is an acute fodder deficient state. | 40 | page=40,block=17 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the function of the Madhu Kranti portal? | online registration and traceability system to track the source of honey and other bee products | A world-class state of art honey testing lab has been established at National Dairy Development Board (NDDB), Anand with the help of Rs. 5 crores. Apart from this, two more regional/big testing laboratories have been sanctioned with an amount of Rs. 8 crores each for honey and other products of beekeeping. Aiming at the development of this sector, 13 mini/satellite district level laboratories for honey and other products of beekeeping and projects related to online registration and development of traceability sources of honey and other products and other important projects have also been approved. The Madhu Kranti portal for online registration and traceability system to track the source of honey and other bee products has also been launched. Union Government formulates Kharif Strategy 2021 | 633 | definition | 1.000 | The Madhu Kranti portal for online registration and traceability system to track the source of honey and other bee products has also been launched. | 4 | page=4,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the goal of the Cluster Development Programme? | growing and developing identified horticulture clusters to make them globally competitive | A central sector programme implemented by the National Horticulture Board (NHB) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare, CDP aims at growing and developing identified horticulture clusters to make them globally competitive. Shri Tomar highlighted that the programme will address all major issues related to the Indian horticulture sector including pre-production, production, post-harvest management, logistics, marketing and branding. The programme is designed to leverage geographical specialisation and promote integrated and market-led development of horticulture clusters. Talking about the reach and impact of the programme, Shri Tomar said, “Doubling farmers’ income is one of the biggest priorities of our government. CDP will benefit about 10 lakh farmers and related stakeholders of the value chain. | 145 | definition | 1.000 | A central sector programme implemented by the National Horticulture Board (NHB) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare, CDP aims at growing and developing identified horticulture clusters to make them globally competitive. | 5 | page=5,block=1 | ||
| What is the purpose of the Agriculture Infrastructure Fund? | a medium-long term financing facility for investment in projects for post-harvest management infrastructure and community farming assets | The programme is expected to converge with other initiatives of the Government such as the Agriculture Infrastructure Fund which is a medium-long term financing facility for investment in projects for post-harvest management infrastructure and community farming assets and will leverage the central sector scheme of the Ministry for Formation and Promotion of 10,000 Farmers Producer Organisations (FPOs). The Cluster Development Programme has a huge potential to transform the entire horticulture ecosystem; improving its global competitiveness by building last-mile connectivity with the use of multimodal transport for the efficient and timely evacuation and transport of horticulture produce. | 132 | definition | 1.000 | The programme is expected to converge with other initiatives of the Government such as the Agriculture Infrastructure Fund which is a medium-long term financing facility for investment in projects for post-harvest management infrastructure and community farming assets and will leverage the central sector scheme of the Ministry for Formation and Promotion of 10,000 Farmers Producer Organisations (FPOs). | ||||
| What is the primary activity of rural populations in developing economies? | agriculture and operational land holdings | In the developing economies, the central activity of the rural populace is based on agriculture and operational land holdings, the pattern of which has important consequences towards the agricultural production and the distribution of income. The unequal distribution of land leads to poor productivity, low per capita income, slow or stagnant growth including many socio-economic evils, therefore hindering the process of socialistic pattern of society. Pattern of land distribution plays an important role in the development of an economy, particularly in hilly areas like Himachal Pradesh where terrace farming on tiny holding has to be practiced and where the size of farm is one of the important factors which determine the level of productivity to a large extent. The inequality in land distribution affects productivity. | 84 | definition | 1.000 | In the developing economies, the central activity of the rural populace is based on agriculture and operational land holdings, the pattern of which has important consequences towards the agricultural production and the distribution of income. | 12 | page=12,block=13 | ||
| What does the upward ladder process in land ownership signify? | land owners acquiring more land to improve their position and get classified in better categories | It is observed that the average size of land holding in Himachal Pradesh decreased from 1.5 hectares to 0.99 hectares over the nine Agriculture Census years from 1970-71 to 2010-11 (Table 3). There are various ways by which shifts in the relative importance of different size group of holdings have come about. In the upward ladder process, it could be described as land owners acquiring more land to improve their position and get classified in better categories. Similarly a decreasing trend for number of holdings and operational area of large farmers confirm the fluctuation of the ladder in reverse direction. | 366 | definition | 1.000 | In the upward ladder process, it could be described as land owners acquiring more land to improve their position and get classified in better categories. | 15 | page=15,block=39 | 0.700 | valid |
| What does the average size of holding indicate about the agricultural economy? | it provides the basis for judging whether a holding is viable enough | The average size of holding is an indicator of the agricultural economy in the sense that it provides the basis for judging whether a holding is viable enough; not merely from the point of view of cultivation but also from the angle of providing adequate sustenance to the operation holder. The average size of operational holding is factorized into the number of holdings and area operated. Change in size over a period of time is thus dependent upon relative change in the number and area of holding. The size of holding indicates the broad magnitude of the problem in respect of pressure of population on the land and the average unit of cultivation. | 90 | definition | 1.000 | The average size of holding is an indicator of the agricultural economy in the sense that it provides the basis for judging whether a holding is viable enough; not merely from the point of view of cultivation but also from the angle of providing adequate sustenance to the operation holder. | 15 | page=15,block=39 | 0.700 | valid |
| What does Theil’s measure signify in relation to social welfare? | a utilitarian social welfare function (SWF) | Theil’s Measure: Gini’s coefficient is unable to reflect inter-farm (between groups) and intra-farm (within group) inequality in land holdings, for which Theil’s measure (1967) is an appropriate entropy based measure and always preferred to Gini coefficient as it is a decomposable measure of inequality. It represents a utilitarian social welfare function (SWF) utilized by Foster and Sen (1996). Theil’s coefficient may be obtained in the form of Simple Theil Index (STI) and alternatively Decomposable Theil Index (DTI), which may be defined as follows: (a) Simple Theil Index (STI): It may be expressed as: Th p = log (n) – H(p) Th q = log (n) – H(q) …(2) Here, p and q stand for the relative (may be in percentage) number of operational holdings and the relative operational area, respectively, n represents the number of groups/size-classes. | 319 | definition | 1.000 | It represents a utilitarian social welfare function (SWF) utilized by Foster and Sen (1996). | 19 | page=19,block=5 | 0.700 | valid |
| What do the two terms on the right-hand side of equation (5) indicate? | the decomposition of the Theil index as ‘within group’ (intra-group) and ‘between group’ (inter-group) Theil indices | The two terms on the right hand side of eq. (5) represents the decomposition of the Theil index as ‘within group’ (intra-group) and ‘between group’ (inter-group) Theil indices, respectively. The values of DTI are found consistent with the Gini’s indices. Further, the decomposition of the index revealed that inter-group inequality is much greater than that obtained for the intra- group. Both the types of inequalities show a declining trend, with some exceptions. | 59 | definition | 1.000 | (5) represents the decomposition of the Theil index as ‘within group’ (intra-group) and ‘between group’ (inter-group) Theil indices, respectively. | 20 | page=20,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
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| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 5 |
| page=5,block=11 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 0.700 |
| valid |