46 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from Age Structure | Our World in Data, published by ourworldindata.org. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. 36 of the 46 pairs (78.3%) are explanatory questions and 10 restate a figure. 97.83% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
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First 10 of 46 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What does the width of the population pyramid indicate? | the size of the population of a given age | Other research and writing on age structure on Our World in Data: In 1950, there were 2.5 billion people on the planet. In 2021, there were around 8 billion. By the end of the century, the UN expects a global population of around 10 billion. But how has the age structure of the world’s population changed over time? The following chart — the population pyramid — makes it possible to understand this enormous global transformation. Population pyramids visualize the demographic structure of a population. The width represents the size of the population of a given age, with women on the right and men on the left. The bottom layer represents the number of newborns and above it, each layer shows the number of people at each age in older cohorts. | 527 | definition | 1.000 | The width represents the size of the population of a given age, with women on the right and men on the left. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What does a 100% value in the age dependency ratio signify? | the number of dependents was exactly the same as the number of people in the working-age bracket | The age dependency ratio across the world is shown in this map. It's given as the number of dependents per 100 people of working-age. A value of 100% means that the number of dependents was exactly the same as the number of people in the working-age bracket. A higher number means there are more dependents relative to the working-age population; a lower number means fewer. Most countries have a dependent population that is at least half the size of its working-age population. But we see big differences across the world. The ratio is much higher across many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa: several countries have a dependent population around the same size or larger than their working-age populations. As we’ll see in the next section, this is the result of having very young populations. In the map above we considered the 'dependent' population — both young and old — as a single group. | 161 | definition | 1.000 | A value of 100% means that the number of dependents was exactly the same as the number of people in the working-age bracket. | p[44] | 0.700 | ||
| What is the age dependency ratio given as? | the number of dependents per 100 people of working-age | The age dependency ratio across the world is shown in this map. It's given as the number of dependents per 100 people of working-age. A value of 100% means that the number of dependents was exactly the same as the number of people in the working-age bracket. A higher number means there are more dependents relative to the working-age population; a lower number means fewer. Most countries have a dependent population that is at least half the size of its working-age population. But we see big differences across the world. The ratio is much higher across many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa: several countries have a dependent population around the same size or larger than their working-age populations. As we’ll see in the next section, this is the result of having very young populations. In the map above we considered the 'dependent' population — both young and old — as a single group. | 78 | definition | 1.000 | It's given as the number of dependents per 100 people of working-age. | p[44] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What is the conventional assumption about the productive age range? | a productive life said to begin at 15 and end at 65 | The old-age dependency ratio is almost a mirror image. Higher-income countries — particularly across Europe, North America, and East Asia — have the highest dependency ratios. Many thanks to Nicholas Gailey, of the World Population Program at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), for providing the content for this section on age or labor participation. Age is one of several factors needed to tell the full story of dependency. Conventionally, age is assumed to have a direct relationship to productivity. It’s used to estimate who is a worker and a dependent — with a productive life said to begin at 15 and end at 65. measures of dependency based on chronological age alone can be misleading. Cultural questions such as an acceptable age of retirement, delaying work for education, and the role of women in the labor force vary greatly by country and across time. | 597 | definition | 1.000 | It’s used to estimate who is a worker and a dependent — with a productive life said to begin at 15 and end at 65. | p[58] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What does the Labor Force Dependency Ratio measure? | the number of people participating in the labor force relative to those not in the labor force | TheLabor Force Dependency Ratio(LFDR) is useful for this purpose – it shows the number of people participating in the labor force relative to those not in the labor force. “Participation” in this context is defined as people working or actively searching for work. Projections for the EU and UK show that regardless of possible developments in fertility or migration, there is a clear momentum towards population aging.7This prospect is common to nearly all industrialized societies. Whereas aging is inevitable, labor participation can change and play a decisive role in determining the future of dependency. The interactive chart here shows projected changes in “dependency” between 2015 and 2060. | 76 | definition | 1.000 | TheLabor Force Dependency Ratio(LFDR) is useful for this purpose – it shows the number of people participating in the labor force relative to those not in the labor force. | p[58] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What does the population pyramid look like during the first stage of the demographic transition? | a wide base (lots of children) and a very narrow top (few people living to older age) | This equilibrium of high fertility and high mortality represents thefirst stage of the demographic transition; the population pyramid at stage one is characterized by a wide base (lots of children) and a very narrow top (few people living to older age). This equilibrium was a constant for most of our history until very recently. | 167 | definition | 1.000 | This equilibrium of high fertility and high mortality represents thefirst stage of the demographic transition; the population pyramid at stage one is characterized by a wide base (lots of children) and a very narrow top (few people living to older age). | p[81] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What does the Labor Force Dependency Ratio include? | everyone participating in the labor force | The scenarios illustrate a range of pessimistic and optimistic outlooks, depending on which indicator you look at. The Age Dependency Ratio, for example, does not account for labor force participation past the age of 65. the Labor Force Dependency Ratio covers everyone participating in the labor force. The LFDR scenario assumes gradual improvements in labor participation (e.g. to the levels seen in 2015 Sweden by the year 2060). Even though the LFDR is still expected to climb, it suggests there is more flexibility. If Europe were to move closer to higher participation rates among its adult population (both under- and over-65) — as in Sweden, Czechia, Germany, or the Baltic countries — then much of the feared rise in dependency would fail to materialize. For that to be achievable, education systems must be more responsive to in-demand skills and relevant to the broader economy. | 261 | definition | 1.000 | the Labor Force Dependency Ratio covers everyone participating in the labor force. | p[69] | 0.700 | valid | |
| What does the population pyramid illustrate? | the demographic structure of a population | Other research and writing on age structure on Our World in Data: In 1950, there were 2.5 billion people on the planet. In 2021, there were around 8 billion. By the end of the century, the UN expects a global population of around 10 billion. But how has the age structure of the world’s population changed over time? The following chart — the population pyramid — makes it possible to understand this enormous global transformation. Population pyramids visualize the demographic structure of a population. The width represents the size of the population of a given age, with women on the right and men on the left. The bottom layer represents the number of newborns and above it, each layer shows the number of people at each age in older cohorts. | 463 | definition | 0.980 | Population pyramids visualize the demographic structure of a population. | p[0] | 0.700 | valid | |
| How is labor force participation described? | people working or actively searching for work | TheLabor Force Dependency Ratio(LFDR) is useful for this purpose – it shows the number of people participating in the labor force relative to those not in the labor force. “Participation” in this context is defined as people working or actively searching for work. Projections for the EU and UK show that regardless of possible developments in fertility or migration, there is a clear momentum towards population aging.7This prospect is common to nearly all industrialized societies. Whereas aging is inevitable, labor participation can change and play a decisive role in determining the future of dependency. The interactive chart here shows projected changes in “dependency” between 2015 and 2060. | 218 | definition | 0.980 | “Participation” in this context is defined as people working or actively searching for work. | p[58] | 0.700 | valid | |
| Why has the integration of India's youth into the workforce been lower than anticipated? | youth unemployment and educational and health challenges.11This limits India's ability to achieve higher economic growth despite a large working-age population, and fully take advantage of its low dependency ratio | To reap the benefits of this demographic transition, a few conditions are required: there need to be jobs and a favorable labor market for young adults to move into, and youth have to be suitably employable for these jobs. Research suggests that the absorption of India's youth into the workforce has been lower than expected, because of youth unemployment and educational and health challenges.11This limits India's ability to achieve higher economic growth despite a large working-age population, and fully take advantage of its low dependency ratio.12 The demographic dividend from rapid reductions in fertility rates can provide a major opportunity for accelerated economic growth. | 338 | relationship | 0.970 | Research suggests that the absorption of India's youth into the workforce has been lower than expected, because of youth unemployment and educational and health challenges.11This limits India's ability to achieve higher economic growth despite a large working-age population, and fully take advantage of its low dependency ratio. |
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| valid |
| p[81] |
| 0.800 |
| valid |