532 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from List of Figures, published by ugc.gov.in. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. 392 of the 532 pairs (73.7%) are explanatory questions and 140 restate a figure. 99.81% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
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Strong coverage with minor gaps in documentation or freshness.
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First 10 of 532 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is the purpose of the Dark Web? | used to keep internet activity private and anonymous | The Dark Web is used to keep internet activity private and anonymous. It's a hidden collection of websites that can only be accessed with a specialized web browser, referred to as Tor, and it is not easily accessible through regular search engines like Google. | 16 | definition | 1.000 | The Dark Web is used to keep internet activity private and anonymous. | 13 | page=13,block=12 | 0.850 | valid |
| What are the core aspects of the Zero Trust Security model? | based on three core aspects: verify every user, validate every device and transaction, and limit privileged access | The Zero Trust Security model is based on three core aspects: verify every user, validate every device and transaction, and limit privileged access. In this, every identity is authenticated and authorized before access is granted. | 33 | definition | 1.000 | The Zero Trust Security model is based on three core aspects: verify every user, validate every device and transaction, and limit privileged access. | 16 | page=16,block=8 | 0.850 | valid |
| What governs acceptable behavior while using digital devices? | a set of moral principles that govern an individual or a group on acceptable behaviour while using digital devices | Internet ethics are a set of moral principles that govern an individual or a group on acceptable behaviour while using digital devices. One should always be honest and respect the rights and privacy of others on the internet. | 20 | definition | 1.000 | Internet ethics are a set of moral principles that govern an individual or a group on acceptable behaviour while using digital devices. | 20 | page=20,block=18 | 0.850 | valid |
| What kind of malicious software tricks users into visiting fraudulent websites? | a type of malicious software that deceives users into visiting fraudulent or malware-infected websites | Scareware is a type of malicious software that deceives users into visiting fraudulent or malware-infected websites. Scareware may come in the form of pop-up ads that appear on the user’s device screen. | 13 | definition | 1.000 | Scareware is a type of malicious software that deceives users into visiting fraudulent or malware-infected websites. | 25 | page=25,block=10 | 0.850 | valid |
| What type of malware is particularly difficult to detect? | a type of malware that is especially challenging to detect | A keylogger is a type of malware that is especially challenging to detect. This software application tracks users' activities, providing hackers access to their personal information. | 15 | definition | 1.000 | A keylogger is a type of malware that is especially challenging to detect. | 26 | page=26,block=5 | 0.850 | valid |
| What term describes the intentional spread of misleading or biased information for propaganda purposes? | the deliberate dissemination of misleading or biased information, often rooted in distorted narratives or facts, to serve a propaganda agenda | Disinformation refers to the deliberate dissemination of misleading or biased information, often rooted in distorted narratives or facts, to serve a propaganda agenda. In contrast, misinformation is false information shared unintentionally, regardless of whether the intent is to deceive. | 25 | definition | 1.000 | Disinformation refers to the deliberate dissemination of misleading or biased information, often rooted in distorted narratives or facts, to serve a propaganda agenda. | 38 | page=38,block=5 | 0.850 | valid |
| What is the first authentication element in two-factor authentication? | the password of the account | Two-factor authentication (2FA), sometimes also called ‘two-step verification’ or ‘dual-factor authentication,’ is a safety method wherein users get authentication elements to verify their identity before gaining access to an app, account, or email. First-factor authentication is the password of the account. The second authentication could either be the user's mobile number or a biometric factor, such as a fingerprint or face scan. | 281 | definition | 1.000 | First-factor authentication is the password of the account. | 76 | page=76,block=6 | 0.850 | valid |
| What does a Cyber Crisis Management Plan (CCMP) provide? | a plan that provides a strategic framework & guides actions to prepare for, respond to, and coordinate recovery from a cyber crisis | For combating cyber-attacks at the organizational level, the Government of India has developed an almost exhaustive template of a Cyber Crisis Management Plan (CCMP), which could be implemented by all Central Government Ministries/Departments, State Governments, and their entities, and critical sectors. A Cyber Crisis Management Plan (CCMP) is a plan that provides a strategic framework & guides actions to prepare for, respond to, and coordinate recovery from a cyber crisis. Each organization has to develop one CCMP plan, as it helps the organization to put in place mechanisms to effectively deal with cyber security crises and be able to pinpoint responsibilities and accountabilities right down to the individual level. | 346 | definition | 1.000 | A Cyber Crisis Management Plan (CCMP) is a plan that provides a strategic framework & guides actions to prepare for, respond to, and coordinate recovery from a cyber crisis. | 103 | page=103,block=5 | 0.850 | valid |
| What does the concept of digital hygiene involve? | adhering to practices and behaviours that help keep the digital world safe and secure | The term digital hygiene was first coined by Dr. Eduardo Gelbstein in 2006 in his book “Good Digital Hygiene.” ‘Digital Hygiene’ is also called ‘Cyber Hygiene. In this document, we shall primarily confine to the basic concepts related to digital hygiene. Digital Hygiene can be defined as adhering to practices and behaviours that help keep the digital world safe and secure. They are basic and essential activities that keep digital devices free from any cyber threats or ‘vulnerabilities.’ It requires users to undertake some basic precautionary activities regularly or while connecting to cyberspace. These activities include regular updating and maintaining electronic devices, using passwords that follow security protocols, organizing the files stored on the device systematically, optimizing the device and software settings, and much more. | 289 | definition | 1.000 | Digital Hygiene can be defined as adhering to practices and behaviours that help keep the digital world safe and secure. | 11 | page=11,block=4 | 0.700 | valid |
| What is the role of Cyber Swachhta Kendra? | to detect systems infected by bots | These steps ensure greater safety for individuals and hence, for their organizations too. The government of India has made several efforts to strengthen cyber hygiene. This includes the establishment of the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In), which is the national agency for incident response, including forecasting and mitigation for cybersecurity incidents. Its mandate includes monitoring and responding to cybersecurity incidents, issuing advisories and guidelines, and promoting best practices in cybersecurity. Cyber Swachhta Kendra (CSK) under CERT-In was established in collaboration with industry and academia to detect systems infected by bots. In collaboration with Internet Service Providers and Industry partners, it notifies the end users regarding the infection of their system and provides them assistance in cleaning their systems. | 635 | definition | 1.000 | Cyber Swachhta Kendra (CSK) under CERT-In was established in collaboration with industry and academia to detect systems infected by bots. | 11 | page=11,block=4 | 0.700 | valid |
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