119 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from 2016 NC Agricultural Chemicals Manual - Chapter 4, published by agritech.tnau.ac.in. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. 42 of the 119 pairs (35.3%) are explanatory questions and 77 restate a figure. 95.80% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
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First 10 of 119 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is the purpose of the information provided? | intended as a guide only | Sulfur-containing nitrogen solutions can be particularly troublesome. The information presented below is intended as a guide only. The term “compatibility” as used here refers to chemical and physical compatibility and is not intended to supplant label directions. | 105 | definition | 1.000 | The information presented below is intended as a guide only. | 22 | page=22,block=2 | 0.850 | valid |
| What happens to the flow rate when volume-booster nozzles are used for agitation? | used for agitation, the flow rate can be reduced to 2 to 3 gallons per minute for every 100 gallons of tank capacity | For simple hydraulic jet agitators, a flow rate of 6 gallons per minute for every 100 gallons of tank capacity is sufficient. If volume-booster nozzles are used for agitation, the flow rate can be reduced to 2 to 3 gallons per minute for every 100 gallons of tank capacity. If a liquid-fertilizer type applicator is used with a metering pump, agitation must also be supplied. | 156 | definition | 1.000 | If volume-booster nozzles are used for agitation, the flow rate can be reduced to 2 to 3 gallons per minute for every 100 gallons of tank capacity. | 22 | page=22,block=2 | 0.850 | valid |
| What kind of fertilizer should be used for established centipedegrass? | a low-phosphorus, high-potassium fertilizer with an analysis approaching 1-1-2 or 1-1-3 | Fertilize established centipedegrass using a low-phosphorus, high-potassium fertilizer with an analysis approaching 1-1-2 or 1-1-3. Fertilizers absent of phosphorus are preferred if soils supporting centipedegrass exhibit moderate to high levels of phosphorus. | 43 | definition | 1.000 | Fertilize established centipedegrass using a low-phosphorus, high-potassium fertilizer with an analysis approaching 1-1-2 or 1-1-3. | 8 | page=8,block=25 | 0.700 | valid |
| What benefit do controlled release fertilizers offer during the growing season? | a consistent and reliable source of nutrients through the growing season. | Container Production All essential elements must be provided when soilless mixes are used to produce nursery crops in containers. Controlled release fertilizers offer a consistent and reliable source of nutrients through the growing season. Formulations of nutrients and their release over time differ by fertilizer company and the optimal product chosen depends upon the species being grown as well as the location of the nursery in the state. Irrigation water quality can contribute significant amounts of some nutrients, such as calcium, magnesium, and iron. Test water quality of irrigation supplies at least once a year (e.g., mid-summer) to determine if nutrient adjustments are required. | 167 | definition | 1.000 | Controlled release fertilizers offer a consistent and reliable source of nutrients through the growing season. Formulations of nutrients and their release over time differ by fertilizer company and the optimal product chosen depends upon the species being grown as well as the location of the nursery in the state. | 12 | page=12,block=11 | 0.700 | |
| What are the organic residuals from wastewater treatment called? | the nutrient-rich organic residuals of wastewater (sewage) treatment | Beneficial Use of Municipal Biosolids J. G. White, and D. L. Osmond, Soil Science Biosolids are the nutrient-rich organic residuals of wastewater (sewage) treatment, i.e., sludge that has been treated to meet US-EPA standards for land application. These standards include limitations on pathogens, potentially toxic metals, and disease-vector attractants. Biosolids can be recycled via land application to sustainably improve and maintain productive soils and foster plant growth. Most biosolids contain sufficient plant nutrients (e.g. N, P, K) to have fertilizer value, and some have liming value. Previous concerns regarding the levels of potentially toxic metals in biosolids have been alleviated by current US-EPA standards. most biosolids do contain small quantities of substances such as pharmaceuticals, steroids, hormones, and flame retardants. | 96 | definition | 1.000 | Osmond, Soil Science Biosolids are the nutrient-rich organic residuals of wastewater (sewage) treatment, i.e., sludge that has been treated to meet US-EPA standards for land application. | 28 | page=28,block=2 | 0.700 | |
| What purpose do plant availability coefficients serve? | to estimate the nutrients that would be available to the first crop | Most nutrients including phosphorus and potassium are not subject to volatile losses, meaning the application method has minimal impact on their availability. Plant availability coefficients (Table 4-17) are used to estimate the nutrients that would be available to the first crop, taking into consideration both the mineralization potential and the application method. | 213 | definition | 0.980 | Plant availability coefficients (Table 4-17) are used to estimate the nutrients that would be available to the first crop, taking into consideration both the mineralization potential and the application method. | 24 | page=24,block=20 | 0.700 | valid |
| What can happen when too much nitrogen is used in fertilizing? | increased herbivory or susceptibility to insects and some disease | Acceptable reasons for fertilizing are to increase growth, flowering/fruiting, increase vigor/vitality, balance root and shoot growth, and to address a visible deficiency. Fertilizing with too much nitrogen can lead to increased herbivory or susceptibility to insects and some disease. Best application method is sub-surface liquid injection. | 219 | relationship | 0.970 | Fertilizing with too much nitrogen can lead to increased herbivory or susceptibility to insects and some disease. | 11 | page=11,block=6 | 0.800 | valid |
| What factors can increase the likelihood of cork spot in fruit? | Dry years and large fruit | To raise boron level of tree Solubor 1 lb/100 gal of spray at first cover If leaf analysis shows a deficiency, use additional cover sprays as recommended from leaf analysis to reduce “cork spot.” Dry years and large fruit may enhance the incidence of “cork spot.” Growth and fruit development Nitrogen 1.25 lb of actual N for trees producing 10 to 15 bu of apples Annual terminal growth should be about 12 inches. Use observations of growth, crop size, and fruit condition plus the leaf analysis to determine the yearly application. Increase foliar level Potassium Apply according to leaf analysis. Rate dependent upon soil analysis. Leaf analysis is a good indicator of the need for a soil application. Increase calcium level of tree Gypsum (CaSO4) 15 to 50 lb/tree with a 6- to 10-ft radius. Apply only as needed by low soil or tissue calcium. One application will usually last 3 to 5 years. | 196 | relationship | 0.970 | To raise boron level of tree Solubor 1 lb/100 gal of spray at first cover If leaf analysis shows a deficiency, use additional cover sprays as recommended from leaf analysis to reduce “cork spot.” Dry years and large fruit may enhance the incidence of “cork spot.” Growth and fruit development Nitrogen 1.25 lb of actual N for trees producing 10 to 15 bu of apples Annual terminal growth should be about 12 inches. | ||||
| What practice is advised to maintain proper nutrient levels and soil pH for ornamental plants? | soil analyses from samples taken on a regular basis | Fertilizer Suggestions for Ornamental Plants in Landscapes B. Fair, Horticultural Science The fertilizer suggestions given in the table are intended as a general guide. They are not a replacement for soil analyses from samples taken on a regular basis to assure maintenance of good nutrient availability and soil pH. It is always a good idea to collect samples for a foliar analysis as well to determine if the plant itself is functioning properly. | 200 | relationship | 0.970 | They are not a replacement for soil analyses from samples taken on a regular basis to assure maintenance of good nutrient availability and soil pH. | 11 | page=11,block=2 | 0.700 | valid |
| How should nitrogen application rates be modified when using liquid fertilizer through drip irrigation? | reduce N application by 1/2 rate of annual field grade fertilizer | Kind of Production Amount to Use1 Remarks Deciduous Tree Seedling Beds Year 1: 50 lb nitrogen (N) per acre or 18 oz N per 1,000 sq ft of bed. Year 2: Beds receive 100lb N per acre. Year 1: Surface apply after first true leaves appear. Base applications of other elements upon a soil test. Field Production Year 1: 50 lb of nitrogen per acre incorporated as preplant. Year 2: 0.5 to 1 oz N per plant. Year 3: 1 to 2 oz N per plant. Do not exceed 100 to 200 lb N per acre. For liquid fertilizer applications through drip irrigation, reduce N application by 1/2 rate of annual field grade fertilizer. Apply equal rates of N during several irrigation events. | 531 | relationship | 0.970 | For liquid fertilizer applications through drip irrigation, reduce N application by 1/2 rate of annual field grade fertilizer. | 12 | page=12,block=5 | 0.700 | valid |
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| valid |
| valid |
| 5 |
| page=5,block=5 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |