311 extractive question-and-answer pairs built from India National Family Health Survey 1992-93 [FRIND1], published by dhsprogram.com. Every answer is a verbatim span of text the source prints, and each row carries the passage it sits in, its offset in that passage, the source quote, the page and the location in the document, so any row can be checked against the original. 204 of the 311 pairs (65.6%) are explanatory questions and 107 restate a figure. 95.50% of rows pass the corpus quality gate.
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First 10 of 311 rows
| question | answer | context | answer_start | question_type | knowledge_quality_score | source_quote | source_page | source_location | confidence | validation_status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| How are death rates from the NFHS calculated? | as the annual number of deaths in each age group in the two-year period before the date of interview per 1,000 usual residents | during the two years preceding the survey (approximately 1991-92) as obtained from the Household Questionnaire, and the death rates from the SRS are the average rates for 1991-92. The death rates from the NFHS are calculated as the annual number of deaths in each age group in the two-year period before the date of interview per 1,000 usual residents. The denominator of this measure is calculated by projecting the number of usual residents at the time of the survey back to the mid-point of the time period on the basis of the intercensal population growth rate in the state. The urban intercensal growth rate is assumed to be the same for all age and sex groups in urban areas. the rural intercensal growth rate is applied to all rural age' and sex groups and the total intercensal growth rate is applied to the total population in each age and sex group. | 225 | definition | 1.000 | The death rates from the NFHS are calculated as the annual number of deaths in each age group in the two-year period before the date of interview per 1,000 usual residents. | 236 | page=236,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| How are undernourished children classified based on standard deviations? | Children who fall more than two standard deviations below the reference median | Children who fall more than two standard deviations below the reference median ·are considered to be undernourished, while those who fall more than three standard deviations below the reference median are considered to be severely undernourished. | 0 | definition | 1.000 | Children who fall more than two standard deviations below the reference median ·are considered to be undernourished, while those who fall more than three standard deviations below the reference median are considered to be severely undernourished. | 309 | page=309,block=0 | 0.700 | valid |
| How is the de facto population defined? | all usual residents and visitors who slept in the sample household the night prior to the survey interview | All usual residents of each sample household, plus all visitors who slept in that household the night before the interview, were listed in the Household Questionnaire. Some basic information was collected on each person listed including age, sex, marital status, and education. information was collected for each person on whether the person is a usual resident of the household or a visitor, and whether the person slept in the household the night prior to the survey interview. Based on this information, the NFHS household population can be defined in two ways: de facto or de jure. The de facto population refers to all usual residents and visitors who slept in the sample household the night prior to the survey interview, and the de jure population refers to all usual residents of the sample household including those who did not sleep in the household the night prior to the survey interview. | 620 | definition | 0.980 | The de facto population refers to all usual residents and visitors who slept in the sample household the night prior to the survey interview, and the de jure population refers to all usual residents of the sample household including those who did not sleep in the household the night prior to the survey interview. | ||||
| Why is Age reporting in developing countries typically prone to errors? | age misstatements and preferences for ages ending in particular digits | The NFHS child population (below age 15) is proportionately larger in rural areas (39 percent) than in urban areas (35 percent), which is consistent with the higher levels of fertility in rural areas. Age reporting in developing countries is typically prone to errors due to age misstatements and preferences for ages ending in particular digits. An examination of the single year age distributions from the NFHS (see Appendix Table D.1 and Figure 3.1) indicates distortions of the data due to misreporting of age and preference for particular digits. | 275 | relationship | 0.970 | Age reporting in developing countries is typically prone to errors due to age misstatements and preferences for ages ending in particular digits. | 69 | page=69,block=4 | 0.800 | valid |
| Why is the educational level of household members considered an important characteristic? | educational attainment can affect reproductive behaviour, the use of contraceptives, the health of children, proper hygienic practices and the status of women | 3.4 Educational Attainment The educational level of household members is an important characteristic because educational attainment can affect reproductive behaviour, the use of contraceptives, the health of children, proper hygienic practices and the status of women. Table 3.8 shows the extent of literacy and the level of educational attainment among the male and female household population age 6 and above by age and residence. | 109 | relationship | 0.970 | Educational Attainment The educational level of household members is an important characteristic because educational attainment can affect reproductive behaviour, the use of contraceptives, the health of children, proper hygienic practices and the status of women. | 81 | page=81,block=0 | 0.800 | valid |
| Why are women in the early and late reproductive years less likely to discuss family planning with their husbands? | younger women are still early in the family building process and hence are not yet interested in limiting family size, and older women no longer believe themselves to be at high risk of pregnancy (see Table 6.25) | discussed family planning with their husbands. Women in the early and late reproductive years are least likely to have communicated with their husbands on family planning, probably because younger women are still early in the family building process and hence are not yet interested in limiting family size, and older women no longer believe themselves to be at high risk of pregnancy (see Table 6.25). Substantial differences in the extent of discussion of family planning among couples are also observed according to the place of residence, respondent's level of education, her husband's education, and the ever use of family planning. | 189 | relationship | 0.970 | Women in the early and late reproductive years are least likely to have communicated with their husbands on family planning, probably because younger women are still early in the family building process and hence are not yet interested in limiting family size, and older women no longer believe themselves to be at high risk of pregnancy (see Table 6.25). | ||||
| Why is neonatal tetanus a significant issue in Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, and Uttar Pradesh? | neonatal tetanus is higher than the state's share in the total population of India (Central Bureau of Health Intelligence, 1991) | Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination Tetanus is an important cause of death among neonates in India. Neonatal tetanus is a particular problem in Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, and Uttar Pradesh, where the proportion of all deaths due to neonatal tetanus is higher than the state's share in the total population of India (Central Bureau of Health Intelligence, 1991). Neonatal tetanus is caused by infection of the newborn (usually at the umbilical stump) with tetanus organisms. | 220 | relationship | 0.970 | Neonatal tetanus is a particular problem in Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, and Uttar Pradesh, where the proportion of all deaths due to neonatal tetanus is higher than the state's share in the total population of India (Central Bureau of Health Intelligence, 1991). | 263 | page=263,block=1 | 0.800 | valid |
| Why were many children in urban and rural areas not weighed at birth? | the large proportion of deliveries that take place at home, where scales for weighing babies are rarely available | A large majority of children (79 percent) were not weighed at birth. Fifty percent of children born in urban areas and 88 percent in rural areas were not weighed at birth, which is to be expected because of the large proportion of deliveries that take place at home, where scales for weighing babies are rarely available. Moreover, for 12 percent of births in urban areas and 5 percent in rural areas, the baby was weighed but the mother could not provide information on the birth weight at the time of the interview. | 207 | relationship | 0.970 | Fifty percent of children born in urban areas and 88 percent in rural areas were not weighed at birth, which is to be expected because of the large proportion of deliveries that take place at home, where scales for weighing babies are rarely available. | 273 | page=273,block=1 | 0.800 | valid |
| Why was Polio O introduced only recently and? | it is a vaccination given at the time of birth (whereas polio 1 is typically given at the age of six weeks), mothers may not remember whether the first dose of the polio vaccine was given just after birth or later | Based on the information either recorded on cards or reported by the mother, only 35 percent of children in India are fully vaccinated1 • Another 35 percent have received some 1 They have received BCG, measles, and three doses of DPT and polio (excluding polio 0). Polio O was introduced only recently and because it is a vaccination given at the time of birth (whereas polio 1 is typically given at the age of six weeks), mothers may not remember whether the first dose of the polio vaccine was given just after birth or later. Therefore, the coverage of polio O reported in the NFHS may be subject to response errors. | 314 | relationship | 0.970 | Polio O was introduced only recently and because it is a vaccination given at the time of birth (whereas polio 1 is typically given at the age of six weeks), mothers may not remember whether the first dose of the polio vaccine was given just after birth or later. | 276 | page=276,block=2 | 0.800 | |
| Why are Treatment of Diarrhoea Deaths from acute diarrhoea most often? | the dehydration that results from the loss of water and electrolytes (Black, 1984) | Children age 6-23 months, male children, children of lower birth orders, children from urban areas, children of educated mothers, children of Sikh and Buddhist mothers, and children of non-SC/ST mothers are more likely than other children to receive treatment from health professionals. Treatment of Diarrhoea Deaths from acute diarrhoea are most often due to the dehydration that results from the loss of water and electrolytes (Black, 1984). For this reason, nearly all diarrhoeal deaths can be prevented by prompt administration of rehydration solutions. | 360 | relationship | 0.970 | Treatment of Diarrhoea Deaths from acute diarrhoea are most often due to the dehydration that results from the loss of water and electrolytes (Black, 1984). | 291 | page=291,block=0 | 0.800 | valid |
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| 67 |
| page=67,block=3 |
| 0.700 |
| valid |
| 205 |
| page=205,block=0 |
| 0.800 |
| valid |
| valid |